My understanding about the fundamental particles can't be called extend but I think it isn't very reduced. Here I have the list, If you know any particle I didn't include, or if I did an error or whatever, post it.
Fundamental particles are devided into two types: force carriers and matter particles.
The force carriers are called bosons.
the matter particles are called fermions.
There are 12 fundamental matter particles.
Matter particles are devided into two groups: quarks and leptons.
Matter particles are devided into three famelies: 1st, 2nd and 3rd.
Quarks are devided into three pairs.
The quarks are (wroten in pairs): quark up and quark down, quark charm and quark strange, quark top and quark bottom.
Leptons are devided into two categories: neutrinos and non-neutrinos
Non-neutrinos are the: electron, muon and tao.
Neutrinos are the: neutrinos of the electron, neutrinos of the muon and neutrinos io the tao. (actually, the neutrinos of the electron was discovere dfirst and called simply neutrinos, but then they discovered the other two and when they saw there relationships (the scientists) the change the name to neutrinos of the electron).
The famelies are:
1st. electron, neutrinos of the electron, quark up and quark down.
2nd. muon, neutrinos of the muon, quark charm and quark strange.
3rd. tau, neutrinos of the tau, quark top and quark bottom.
Then, there are the force carriers. These are devided into four categories because there are four forces. (amazing, no?)
Gravitons are for gravity.
Photons (particles of light) are for the elctromagnetic force.
Gluons for the strong nuclear force.
Gauge bosons asociated with the weak nuclear force, og which there are three types: w+, w- and z^0.
Now I have finished this explenation, and proceed to my questions:
What are hadrons?
What are higgs?
Is there another name for the category of non-neutrinos in leptons?
Does anybody know when any of these was discovered? or have a link to a place they say when they had been discovered? (not predicted, but actually discovered empirically).
Are there any more fundamental particles, or even more fundamental than these? (is any of these not fundamental?) (I know about strings, so don't have to mention them)
Last but not least, here there is a very good link where there are all of these particles plus some interesting info that I didn't post becuase this would be too much: the mass, spin, electric charge, and if they have been seen, not seen, or indirectly seen.
http://superstringtheory.com/experm/exper2.html