[baudrunner]

I don't consider a Universe to be closed if it is infinitely in acellerated creation mode and continuing to expand in volume as its space is expanding. The reason that the Universe can only be observed from within is simple, space is as much a creation as the matter which occupies it. I take it that you assume that space existed as an infinite expanse before your big bang created matter. Not so. Most cosmologists do not agree with you.

Heat waves and light waves are like the waves in an otherwise still pond after you drop a pebble into it. Each molecule of water affects its adjacent molecule etc. etc. like the particles that make up the medium for light wave propagation. The long wavelengths of heat waves that are visible are like sound waves, which are like wind, and they are not the originating microwaves that produced the heat to begin with, remember the pond. The continual dropping of randomly sized pebbles in a pond will produce longer wavelengths as the waves reinforce, similar to the production of long wave heat waves by a constantly randomly excited sea of molecules, the atmosphere.

Einstein was essentially correct in his gravity and velocity relativity theories. Because of these phenomena corrections were made to the onboard GPS satellite clocks to compensate for those very same relativistic effects, thereby increasing the accuracy of determining ground position. The difference is substantial, a whole 38 microseconds per day overall, which may not seem like much until you factor in the velocities of those triangulating satellites and the distances involved, where fractions of an arc second can translate into huge errors.

Why should we break up at light speed and not at, say, 95% light speed?