ive been looking up some terms like fluxon that i am not familiar with and something seemed very similiar.i have a sylvania tube amp and this is wikipedias definition of a vaccum tube
The simplest vacuum tubes resemble
incandescent light bulbs in that they have a
filament sealed in a glass envelope which has been evacuated of all air. When hot, the filament releases
electrons into the vacuum: a process called
thermionic emission. The resulting negatively-charged cloud of electrons is called a
space charge. These electrons will be drawn to a metal "
plate" inside the envelope if the plate (also called the
anode) is positively charged relative to the filament (or
cathode). The result is a current of electrons flowing from filament to plate. This cannot work in the reverse direction because the plate is not heated and cannot emit electrons. This very simple example described can thus be seen to operate as a
diode: a device that conducts current only in one direction.
and also for rectifier
A
rectifier is an
electrical device, which converts
alternating current to
direct current, a process known as
rectification. Rectifiers are used as components of
power supplies and as
detectors of
radio signals. Rectifiers may be made of
solid state diodes,
vacuum tube diodes,
mercury arc valves, and other technologies.
When just one diode is used to rectify AC (by blocking the negative or positive portion of the
waveform) the difference between the term
diode and the term
rectifier is merely one of usage, e.g., the term
rectifier describes a
diode that is being used to convert AC to DC. Almost all rectifiers comprise a number of diodes in a specific arrangement for more efficiently converting AC to DC than is possible with just a single diode. Before the development of solid state rectifiers,
vacuum tube diodes and copper oxide or selenium rectifier stacks were used.
Early radio receivers called
crystal sets, used a "
cat's whisker" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of
galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point contact rectifier or "
crystal detector". In gas heating systems "flame rectification" can be used to detect a flame. Two metal electrodes in the outer layer of the flame provide a current path and rectification of an applied alternating voltage, but only while the flame is present.