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Originally Posted by mkirkpatrick What is the underlying force here |
The force is implied into the Lagrangian energy equations. But Lagrangian energy as difference of kinetic and potential is just first power of energy However Dirac relativistic equation is square of energy but only applicable for electrons and positrons. I'm not following this formalism very well. The quantized space of hadamard matrices are much simpler from my own perspective since it could derive the mass ratio of proton over the electron from first principle.