[Lloyd Gillespie]

Antonio, do you think quarks are small enough to qualify for a fundamental photonic substance___only? IYO, is the fundamental photonic substance, even smaller, or what do you think is the minimal sized particle, nearing the infinitesimal?

Lloyd

Originally Posted by AntonioLao

The nuclear reaction for cold fusion is D+D®He+energy. In term of quarks: uud+uud+udd+udd®6u6d+energy. The gauge matrix for up quark is (5,1). The 5 is the alpha entry and the 1 is the beta entry of (a,b). The gauge matrix for down quark is (3,1). Therefore, helium 4 in terms of these matrices becomes 6(5,1)+6(3,1) or (30,6)+(18,6)=(48,12). Since the beta entry is not divisible by 8, helium 4 naturally appears in the gaseous state as 2(48,12) or (96,24). Transferring these double entries into the reaction, it becomes 2D+2D®2He+twice the output energy. This indicates that cold quark fusion needs four deuterons and suggests that the plasma particles of the Bose liquid must be exact multiples of 4 deuterons as a minimum requirement for fusion to occur. This means that the magnetic field configuration is that of quadrupole magnetic moments instead of the usual dipole moments. Pentapole, hexapole, heptapole, octapole and higher moments could also possibly establish stable configurations. Similar configurations have been implemented successfully in Penning traps http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penning_trap.