[RascalPuff]

'Is There Really Time?' What is Time? What is space. What is motion?'
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The question of whether or not anything or consideration really exists is an endemically popular tonic. ('Maybe we're a hallucination. Maybe everything is nothing'.)

A lot of seriously proffered equivocation occurs in glib denouncements of the existence of anything, particularly with regard to whatever spatial issue of 'truth': space and/or time.

As though Plato was not a student of Socrates, and that each and both of them did not long ago put to rest, the rasberry dispirited vanity of such allegedly 'unanswerable questions & unresolvable riddles'.

The Western Civilization marked discarding of 'reality' has long been a (an alleged Eastern Civilization inspired) ploy for those who avert the responsibility of recognizing and acknowledging it.
Euclidiean and Pythagorean geometry and pi r as well as E= MC squared would and do exist in fact, with or without anthropomorphic existence or realization. The physical universe is as indifferent to humanity as the mathematics and philosophy that irrevocably and eternally prove 'truth', whether or not idle individuals deign to acknowledge such realities - such eternal trutns - or not...

THE (Stubborn) MYTHOLOGY OF ARBITRARY ('Who knows?') SPACE & TIME:
The present standard of measurement for space is said to have been determined by a King who extended his arm and hand and pronounced that the distance between the tip of his nose to the end of his index finger would henceforth be the definitional standard, now called a 'yard'.
Divisible into three feet. Each foot divisible into 12 inches, each inch divisible into innumerable sub-divisions... (Re: 'Xeno's Paradox')

This (unarguably) capricious determination of the value of space, unfortunately brought about a misunderstanding that the existence and/or value of time is likewise arbitrary (a 'human invention') - just as the - above described - value of space was determined by arbitrary means.

(People did not invent motion, space or time. Words for those conditions, yes, but, not the existential conditions themselves.)

Whereas, space - what we have only recently learned to be inseparable from time (Yes. Minkowski was right - contrary to a popular - 'New Age' - school of thought saying otherwise); philologically evolving from 'space and time', to 'space-time', would still in fact exist, whether humans existed, to observe, measure or ambivalently standardize it or not (There are arguments that there is no universe before a given person arrives here and there will be no universe when such an argumentive person leaves. Such contentions are bonkers of course).

(Moving Right Along. Racing & weaving through and between the timing and spacing.)
The formal definition of time is synonymous with motion, and conversely.
Motion occurs in space; within which space-time is the interval between two or more events. The reason Einstein modified Newtonian Classic Mechanical translation of 'Time and Space', to the Relativistic expression of space-time.

Repeat: There cannot be time without space, and conversely - much as there is no magnetism without electricity, or electricity without magnetism: therefore equals electromagnetism. (Monopoles - electricity or magnetism independent of <non concurrent with> the other, have yet to be found or proven. The same is true of 'particles', 'black holes', the 'big bang theory', and bastardized thermodynamic interpretations lurching to the myth of an 'inevitable', 'universal entropic heat death'...)

As previously reviewed:
Terrestrial time standards (as a down-to-earth - relatively local - example) are based on astronomical motions of the planet(s) through space around the sun.
A planetary year equals its completion of a 360 degree arc - round trip - about the sun (Which, itself is traveling at some 256 miles per second, bound toward Vega).
An earth month of 30 days is 1/12th of a year.
A week is 1/4th of that month.
A day is 1/7th of that week.
An hour is 1/24th of a day.
A minute is 1/60th of an hour.
A second is 1/60th of a minute...
Consequently, a second of time - for unavoidable example - is also 18 1/2 miles of space: traveled by the earth, in its annual orbit around the sun. (There are those who would and do argue that there's no such thing as 'speed', or, 'a mile per hour' - these are included among the philosophically floundering misanthropes at issue here...)

A 24 hour day is based on the rotational motion of the earth on it's own axis. The circumference of the earth is just over 24,000 miles; that is how fast the earth is spinning - per hour. Proving very simply and elegantly that space, time and motion are synonymous - no singular facet of this triangular consideration existing without the 'other two'...
Time has come today from the past to the present and future. ABC, Moments 1, 2, 3; etceteras, squared...
Einstein's 'Non-Absolute Relativistic 4-D space-time.'
What it is:
Time, furthermore, in a physically expanding universe of 4 dimensions, is shorter and faster in smaller, past (microcosmic) spaces. and, slower (dilated) in future (macrocosmic) larger spaces; when compared to present time at any given moment of an observer in the eternal present: exactly between small-fast-space and large-slow-space.

In a 4-dimensional (physically expanding universe) a *square mile is not the same spatial size, when compared with itself; from the present: relative to (smaller, more dense) past or (larger, less dense) future 4-D expanding physical matter, and (causing the observed - non 'big bang' initiated expansion of space - Hubbles expanding, 'red shift', Universe.)

Neither therefore, is 60 *miles per hour (or 186,282 m.p.s. - the speed of light; '*celeritas constant <* C >) always the same relative speed. Nor is a year, month, week, day, hour or second, always the same comparative duration in the Present ( when compared with itself) in the physically expanding universe's Past or Future.
Proving among other things that the value of time varies with the value of space it occurs in.
Refer (the cause of) relativistic 'time dilation.' And relativistic 'non-absolute time'.
Relatively slow time occurring in relatively larger spaces; relatively fast time occurring in relatively smaller spaces...
The covariant relativity of time values - resulting in 'non-absolute time and space'.
For which, until now, there are not even any failed explanations.
In a 4-D (physically as well as spatially expanding) universe, the value of time and space (4-D space-time) inevitably varies, from coordinate system to coordinate system.

The speed of light for example, is ever-increasing, while remaining constant: relative to the coordinate system in which it originates and from which it is measured.
The value of time being covariant with the smaller and larger - earlier and later - 4-D space-times it occurs and/or is measured in."

Thank you for reading this missive.
- RP