[Bob Campbell]

Originally Posted by N0B0DY

"So do quantum jumps in position from one electron orbit to another orbit via the void without traversing the inner space between orbits. Space and time must be generated in discrete amounts that place a minimum limit on the increment of the differential in the calculus."

I wonder if the neglected connection between the absorption and emission of photons and the energy states of electrons don't have something to do with the assumption that spacetime is discrete. Why would electrons lose or gain energy if there were no transitory orbital state?

Also, when you say holistically integrated, are you inferring that there is an existence between particles that would render the whole greater than the sum of the individual parts? It seems that would imply there is a definite continuity subsuming discontinuous particles and effects.

Dear Nobody,

I must say your comments are very pertinent for a nobody :)).

As you must know, in 1912 Neils Bohr was working with Rutherford who had shown that an atom consists of a small dense positive nucleus surrounded by the required number of electrons. In trying to reconcile this evidence with Rydberg’s empirical formula for spectral lines Bohr made a number of assumptions without any reason for doing so other than to get a fit with the evidence. One of his assumptions was that some of the classical laws of physics do not apply within the atom. This remarkable claim distinguished the inner space of the atom from external space and time. Other assumptions included that electrons could only exist in certain non-radiating orbits that had to be an integral multiple of h/2pi. The Coulomb force held the electron in orbit around the proton and if it radiated energy away the electron would fall into the nucleus, so there could be no radiation. Also the energy associated with the frequency of each spectral line carried with it a discrete amount of energy according to the Planck-Einstein relation E=hf. Electrons lose or gain energy in orbital jumps accordingly.

A decade later when Louis de Broglie came up with particle waves this fitted nicely with the Bohr atom. There had to be an integral number of electron waves around each electron orbit to avoid interference, so this added to the ontological credibility of Bohr’s model along with other refinements. But de Broglie had just pulled a rabbit out of a hat. He saw a moving particle as “a little clock in motion” and he was “greatly smitten” that the Lorentz transformation formula for a clock is the inverse of that for a wave in Special Relativity. According to his own account in deriving his particle wave equation, he was trying to show how the internal frequency of his particle as a little clock could remain in phase with its external frequency as a wave motion. He essentially equated the one transformation formula to the other while adding a displacement to the wave side for the particle wave length. This is a bit oversimplified but that is essentially what he did. (See Wave Mechanics, The First Fifty Years, Butterworths 1973. Also “Atoms & Space-time” on my website.) The whole of quantum mechanics is erected on these foundations.

Turning now to System 3 it illustrates how all atoms are synchronously projected as still particle frames alternating with timeless quantum frames, such that the still particle frames close ranks to present the appearance of spatial and temporal continuity. (Quantum frames are timeless energy equivalents of particle frames. How this works in System 3 is summarized on my website.) Each particle frame is called a space frame associated with each atom and there is no particle motion in a single space frame, only electromagnetic activity. All particle motion occurs as relative quantum jumps in position from one space frame to the next. These jumps are effected via the timeless quantum frame, called the Void. For this reason there can be no energy radiated away between electron and proton because there is no relative motion between them in each space frame. The whole atom is a discontinuous projection that defines space and time. Atoms are oscillating between particle and quantum modes. The internal frequency of the whole atom is like de Broglie’s little clock. This means that de Broglie’s electron waves are quantum jumps in relative position around the nucleus from space frame to space frame as both oscillate back and forth. So according to System 3 the electron can only exist in certain orbits because there must be an integral number of quantum jumps. There is no such a thing as half a jump. Also electrons can only change orbits via a timeless jump through the Void from one space frame to the next and this always involves a discrete amount of energy absorbed or emitted according to E=hf. There is more information on how the System works at www.cosmic-mindreach.com. It is a fascinating approach and will make you wonder deeply.

As for your last comment, the timeless quantum frame associated with each atom is holistically integrated with that of all atoms on the quantum frame side called the Void. The Void is unimaginably awesome. It is a boundless energy field embacing all being. Because it is timeless it spans and integrates the whole of history and because it is spatially indeterminate it can not be described as something discrete. As you suggest you might describe this as continuous in the sense that it is always there and successive space frames are recalled from it. It is a master memory bank. At a physical level it is generated by System 3 as it relates to neutral atoms. The menagerie of short lived sub-atomic particles that are produced in particle accelerators are not fundamental. They exhibit patterns similar to the higher Systems that are elaborations of System 3, in this case extremely short lived. Nevertheless space frame skipping due to relative motions involves relative accumulations of quantized energies in the Void associated with moving particles on the space frame side. These enegies fuel the evolutionary process, both of stellar systems and subsumed biological evolution of Systems 4 and higher that may evolve on planets. It is worth a look at the website. It is an intuitive process of discovery.

Best regards,
Bob