Hi RP,
Thank you for the link to your interesting debate about dark matter and spacetime expansion etc.
As I see it there are a variety of inexplicable anomalies in both Special and General Relativity especially as the latter relates to an assumed Big Bang. Some of these, together with alternate explanations that present themselves naturally in a discontinuous universe may be summarized as follows:
* The Lorentz contractions interpreted in continuous space-time imply that atoms themselves are contracted or flattened in the direction of motion. The Quantum Mechanical evidence indicates that this is not possible. In a discontinuous universe space frames associated with each atom are either synchronously skipped completely or not at all. Relative contraction comes from relative skipping. See the TOE article “Gravity & the Void: Tip of a TOE Iceberg.”
* It is well known, but largely ignored, that the Big Bang presents formidable philosophical barriers, since the theoretical concepts on which it is based, such as space, time, mass and energy are derived a posteriori to creation and can hardly be raised to a priori status to explain there own creation. Einstein wrestled with this in introducing the cosmological constant. A discontinuous universe is necessarily a steady state universe since the universal synchronous projection of primary atoms is itself a timeless process. There is more on this on my website.
* Equating the red shift of distant galaxies to recessional velocity assumes the existence of a quasi-independent spacetime continuum in which they are embedded. In a discontinuous universe galaxies reflux and regenerate their stellar populations consistent with growing evidence of this phenomenon. This is required by their relative angular momentum and consequent space frame skipping which curves the integrated fabric of space-time as outlined in the above and other articles. Stellar reflux over great distance alone thus results in an integrated history of space-frame skipping that shifts their spectra toward the red end. It need not represent recessional velocity at all. There is no other evidence that galaxies are moving rapidly with respect to one another.
* In a discontinuous universe the use of one type of supernovae in distant galaxies as standard candles to determine the supposed rate of expansion of an assumed spacetime continuum is fraught with ambiguities associated with the same integrated history of space frame skipping as in the previous point. One can not assert that a presumed continuum is expanding at all, much less accelerating its expansion.
* If there is a spacetime continuum consistent with GR and if it is expanding, then one must explain why atoms themselves are not expanding in their dimensions relative to it, and if they are then no expansion is detectable, since it relates to the spatial distribution of physical matter of fixed dimensions. There is no other datum of reference available to determine spatial or temporal measurement. In a discontinuous universe external space is defined by the transmission of light which originates only from within atoms in some way and thus has a fixed relationship to the inner space of each atom. They mutually define one another in each primary interval of discontinuous time accounting for the universal speed of light.
* BB theory is faced with a host of inner contradictions and ad hoc remedies as you know. GR relates mass to gravitation but fails in its attempt to interpret inertia. The axis of a gyro compass is determined in its direction by the “fixed stars” endless light years distant. Foucault’s pendulum dramatically demonstrates also that the direction of its swings is determined by the fixed stars and not by its proximity to the rotating Earth. Mach’s principle is thus direct evidence that the universe is synchronously projected in discrete atomic elements by a universal aspect implicit in their discontinuous nature. The whole universe is projected all at once as a succession of integrated space frames in a cosmic movie. No other explanation presents itself.
* Dark matter is blind conjecture to plug another hole in the BB and GR. Dark energy is something different. In conjunction with Mach’s principle there is a law of conservation of angular momentum in the absence of any torque to change it. This is the case with the stellar populations of galaxies, however in a synchronously projected universe their relative rotational motions introduce space frame skipping with equivalent quantum energy accumulation that can only become translated as torque to maintain a preponderance of synchronicity with the universe as a whole. The accumulated quantum energy must find expression on the space-frame side for energy conservation. There is thus a limited family of quantum forces (dark energy if you like) that regulate stellar and galactic migrations. Galaxies and stars are not at the unconstrained beck and call of gravity in a steady state discontinuous universe.
* Einstein emphasized that GR is based on a smoothed out universe where concentrations of mass can be regarded somewhat like a distributed gas on a cosmic scale, a credible assumption in 1912. However this can not be considered the case in singularities such as those at galactic centers and at the origin of the BB. In a discontinuous universe this theoretical problem does not arise. See my TOE article Gravity & the Void.
* Einstein’s theories faced formidable challenges and it is a credit to him that he defended them with integrity. He also had defenders of the stature of Eddington. Henri Bergson was one of those who took issue with him over the concept of time. Bergson postulated two kinds of time to account for our ordinary experience. There is the linear time of passing events but we also span and integrate history by the very nature of being. GR has no answer to accommodate this inherent property of biological life. In a discontinuous universe it is accommodated by the timelessly integrated quantum frame called the “Void.”
There is much more to this and it takes a lot of study as I’m sure you appreciate.
Best regards,
Bob