[AntonioLao]

The first version of quantum mechanics, originated by Max Born and conceived by Heisenberg in 1925 represents physical quantities as matrices. These representations are but not limited to position, linear and angular momentum, intrinsic spin, and 1st power of energy. But more than a hundred years later there still no quantized matrices for representing the continuous variation of physical mass. In order to answer a few meaningful questions: why the electron has a tiny mass, the neutrino almost zero mass, the photon no mass, the quark very huge mass while its glue is also zero mass.

The mass attribute is inherent in the concept of momentum and energy, first as multiplicative factor to velocity and second as multiplicative factor to square of constant light speed. The former is an inverse variation the latter is a direct variation. The traditional belief is that it requires more energy to accelerate bigger mass to the same velocity acquired by a smaller mass when both started at zero velocity. Since the cosmological epoch of planetesimals when planets were formed from continuous collisions and gravitational attractions, both big and small masses composing Earth now travel at the same mean velocity (18 miles per second) around the Sun. The balanced forces of linear and angular momentum allow Earth to form its own gravitational field. This has a constant acceleration of 9.8 meters per second per second such that both big and small masses dropped from a height reached the ground at the same time if and only if air resistance is neglected. From this emerged the principle of equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass. Its macroscopic effect was carefully observed by Newton in the 1600s, verified by Bessel in 1830, confirmed using torsion balance by Eötvös in 1889, and improved by Dicke in 1964. But its quantum effect is that of a mass matrix.