[AntonioLao]

During 1-millionth to 100-thousandth of a second of the hot big bang, the universe is just a dot of plasma soup of space-time quanta or charges, H+ and H-. The temperature was 10 trillions kelvins. The density was 100 trillions grams per cc. When it starts to cool quarks begin to stick together forming hadrons: baryons and mesons. If these are made up of space-time charges H+ and H- with even number conservation then there would not be any leftover space-time charges for making up gluons.

In accordance with space-time charge configuration the up quark is formed as (5,1) and the down quark is (1.3) and (5,1)+(1,3)=(6,4). The left position number in each parenthesis signifies the number of H+ and the right, the number of H-. Space-time conservation demands these numbers must be equal and multiples of even integers, for example, (4,4) or (6,6). Although these can be equalized by lepton or photon space-time charge configurations, the hadrons era is exclusively for quarks. The leptons era begins 100-thousandth second later and the photons era is a second later after the big bang. Therefore, to balance these position numbers, meson products must be introduced, for example, negative pions: (1,5)+(1,3)=(2,. Since proton is (5,1)+(5,1)+(1,3)=(11,5) and (2,+(11,5)=(13,13) which is odd multiples, neutrons: (5,1)+(1,3)+(1,3)=(7,7) must also be introduced such that (13,13)+(7,7)=(20,20) satisfies space-time charges of even conservation.

These descriptions demonstrated a revival of Yukawa’s meson theory for nuclear binding at the era of quark synthesis. These make the concept of gluons superfluous except to be used only for describing the 8 properties of directional invariance in an 86468 space-time charge configuration as required for thermonuclear fusion at much lower temperature, approaching cold fusion.