[RascalPuff]

Newton's Laws of Gravity are pointless to consider in the elevator at this time. Because there are no significantly measurable gravitational effects in it, to influence its passengers and their experiments. The environment of the interior elevator is therefore purely and exclusively an inertial system, destitute of gravity and gravitational effects.

THERE IS NO WAY FOR THE OBSERVERS INSIDE THE ELEVATOR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY ARE FALLING IN A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD (as they actually are), OR SIMPLY 'FREE-FLOATING' IN THE VOID OF DEEP SPACE, FREE OF ANY GRAVITATIONAL INFLUENCE WHATSOEVER.

Then Einstein alters the situation of the elevator and its passengers. (Refer to Drawing 1 Illustration B)

This time the experimenting passengers are still in the elevator, but they actually are in the void of deep space, far away from any appreciable gravitational influence.

A cable is attached to the roof of the elevator car and an arbitrary force winches-in the cable at 32 feet per-second squared (the descent rate of free falling objects on earth). The elevator is therefore accelerating 'upward' through space (any direction in which the elevator car happens to be pulled by the cable, is 'upward' relative to the passengers within it). Again, the observers within the elevator have no idea where they are, and again they evaluate their situation by performing experiments. Their feet now rest firmly on the floor; they now have their 'normal' (as experienced on earth) body weight to support. Confirmed by scaled weight measurement.

(The observers are actually measuring and obtaining inert mass values; not realizing they are not measuring gravitational mass values: their coordinate system having found the two values identical under the accelerating circumstances; indistinguishable from each other. Inertial & Gravitational Mass Values; which are not supposed to have anything to do with each other, are likewise indistinguishable at this *juncture. Which Einstein called *astonishing. The *coincidental confluence of two different methods of measuring and defining mass value; arriving at exactly the same - unrelated coordinates. *A pound of butter offers exactly a pound of resistance to acceleration: when the acceleration exactly - and 'coincidentally' - equals the descent rate of objects in free-fall @ 32' per second squared., on earth.

When the passenger’s in Einstein’s elevator jump, they do not float to the ceiling because the floor is constantly accelerating upward beneath them at the descent-rate for free-falling objects on earth.When the observers and various objects are weighed on a standard scale within the elevator at this time, they all have their 'normal' earth-weight (heavy mass value ). Due to their resistance - generated by physical matter - negative inertia: the tendency of all bodies at rest to remain at rest and offer resistance to outside forces acting upon them, including non-uniform motion That is to say: inert mass value , opposing the acceleration (non-uniform motion) of the elevator floor.

If the elevator were accelerating at less than 32 ft. per-second, the objects and observers would weigh correspondingly less than their normal earth weight. If the elevator were accelerating at more than 32 ft. per-second, the objects and observers would weigh correspondingly more than their normal earth weight.

When the observers in the test elevator release objects from their grip, the objects appear to descend vertically - 'fall'/accelerate-'downward' @ 32 ft. per-second (per second). When objects are tossed or pushed in a horizontal direction, those objects do not move in a straight line in accordance with the laws of inertia; instead the paths of the tossed objects - due to the acceleration of the elevator car - describe a parabolic curve; descending vertically at 32 feet per second squared, relative to the floor; in accordance with the laws of gravitation.

The observers remain unaware that their room is accelerating (ascending ever-faster) through deep space. They understandably conclude from direct experience and experimentation, that they are situated in quite ordinary circumstances in a windowless room on earth, influenced by conventional gravity.

THERE IS NO WAY FOR THE OBSERVERS TO DETERMINE FROM WITHIN THE ELEVATOR (coordinate system) WHETHER THEY ARE AT REST IN THE EARTH'S GRAVITATIONAL FIELD; WHERE ALL OBJECTS ARE 'PULLED' DOWNWARD @ 32 ft. per-second BY GRAVITY, or: WHETHER THEY ARE ACCELERATING IN AN INERTIAL SYSTEM (which they are in this case, @ 32 ft. per-second squared): WHERE THERE IS NO GRAVITY WHATSOEVER.

From his imaginative and now renowned 'elevator analogy', Einstein formulated a conclusion of unprecedented theoretical importance; that being: The General Principle Of Relativity: THERE IS NO WAY TO DISTINGUISH THE MOTION PRODUCED BY INERTIAL FORCES (acceleration/ centrifugal and centripetal force), FROM MOTION PRODUCED BY GRAVITATIONAL FORCE.
This is the General Principle Of Relativity. Fact #2.

It borders on being a statement of the obvious, but we are about to see that sometimes it isn't so obvious at all. That people in general everywhere, actively refuse to recognize it, altogether. The greatest problem - and the most importantly unrecognized solution - in science, since 1916.

It is particularly noteworthy, because the Classical and Contemporary popular concept of UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION remains, that is to say, continues to be, a 'pulling force of attraction'. Yet, here we find Contemporary Theoretical Physics - specifically Einstein's General Theory Of Relativity - equating gravity with acceleration as - and which is - a 'pushing or repelling force'.

That is to say, in 1686, Newton categorically and formally allowed that gravity 'may be' in fact, a repelling force. Then, in 1916, we have Einstein's General Principle Of Relativity equating gravity with acceleration, which is, once again, a repelling force. What I call: Newton's Gravitational Alternative - and Einstein's General Theory; on the same table. Historically 220 years apart. Lightning struck in the same place. Ominously joined, since the resiliently unrecognized and stubbornly unattended opportunity afforded, in The (Einstein's) General Theory, of 1916.

Isaac's Apple in Einstein's Elevator


F=Gmm
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r squared
Special Effects by Austin Torney Illustration copyright 2007 by K.B.Robertson