Raider of the lost time
Join Date: Nov 2003 Posts: 5,934
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02-14-2008, 01:25 PM
| | cubic face-centered devil
1927 was the year what, where, when, and by who the wave nature of elementary particles such as an electron was successfully demonstrated by using crystal diffraction experiment. The ‘what’ is the cubic face-centered crystal of the chemical element nickel also known as devil’s metal. It was discovered by chance when it took the appearance of precious metal ores. The ‘where’ was Bell Lab near Columbia University in New York. The ‘when’ was on March 3, 1927. The ‘who’ was C. J. Davisson (1881-195 and his student- research assistant L. H. Germer (1896-1971). In 1937, Davisson shared the Nobel Prize for physics with George Thomson of England for independently confirming the wave nature of the electron. Four years earlier in 1929, the Nobel Prize for physics was awarded to de Broglie (1892-1987) of France for his 1924 doctoral thesis proposal that the wavelength of matter (l) is simply equal to Planck’s constant of action (h) divided by its momentum (p) or l=h/p. This simple equation is derived from equating the energy of Einstein mass-energy equivalence E=mc² to Planck’s quantum of energy E=hn where n is the frequency of the matter wave such that n=c/l. It can be noted that the mass term (m) must be joint and became inseparable with one factor of lightspeed (c) into a term denoting a linear momentum (p), while the other lightspeed factor is cancelled out from both sides of the equation. Except for a factor of ½ the general covariance of relativistic energy E=mc² and classical kinetic energy T=½mv² is clearly distinguishable. This inseparability of mass and velocity gives the momentum of light quantum as E/c while its rest mass is zero. The question why the rest mass of light quantum is zero is a question not even the smart devils of hell can provide a satisfactory answer. However, the dumb angels of heaven would simply say that it is the gravitational mass of light quantum that is zeros not its inertial mass. The inertial mass of light quantum is a reversal of its classical definition. It does not resist but persist its motion.
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Time independence: [∂E(g)]²=[∂F(a)×∂r(a)]·[∂F(b)×∂r(b)] and Mass independence: ¶a(t)·¶r(t)=c²
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