Reply to comments posted in introduction, my error!
I should be more careful with my choice of words because when I said that particles arer still being created I meant that they are still being formed by the compression of existing energy. I should have made it clear that it is new whirlpools are that are continually being created.
Quantum sized whirlpools compress energy within them until the energy density at the centre reaches a limit (solid) where it can no longer be compressed. The whirlpool continues to draw in energy and deposit it upon the core at a constant rate because the spin rate stabilises once it has a solid centre. The accumulation of solid energy is a very slow process because the difference in density between continuum energy and solid energy is around 10^39 in our region of the universe.
My first estimate of the time taken to form a neutron particle was at least 10^12 years. When I realised that it was this inflow of energy to grow and maintain neutrons I was able to calculate a formation time of 10^19 years.
Neutron particles are homogeneous and consist entirely of solid energy. There is no hidden structure within them. I am not sure of their shape but they could possibly be disc shaped rather than spherical. Protons have a core of solid energy that is slightly smaller than the neutron and this is because when a neutron reaches a critical size, a shell from the outermost region wants to break away due to the centrifugal force becoming larger than the centripetal force. As it starts to break away it becomes fluidised but the remaining core now sucks it back down. This is a continuous process so that a neutron becomes a proton with an attachment of fluid energy, the electron. Note that a mature neutron and a proton/electron pair have exactly the same amount of energy. This will explain why in book 2 I believe that the notion of mass is not only superfluous it is misleading.
FET requires only three forces, all of which are the flow of fluid energy. The first is the centripetal force and is the most powerful when we consider galaxy size whirlpools. Once a whirlpool has started it is self maintaining. Just as a skater spins faster when arms and legs are folded in, a whirlpool spins faster as it draws in more energy. Or you could consider the whirlpool to conserve momentum and start out at a particular size and then shrink. Thus the centripetal force is due to the spiral flow of energy in 2 dimensions and explains why galaxies probably start out as flat spirals. I also believe that the spiral tracks observed in particle accelerator experiments are examples of quantum whirlpools in operation. These have a very short lifetime because the density of the local continuum energy density will be almost equal to that of solid energy.
The inflow of energy by one quantum whirlpool is what gives rise to gravity. For one particle it is almost negligible but for 10^87 particles (the Sun) then the inflow of continuum energy adds up to the escape velocity of the body. Because the quantum whirlpools will be randomly oriented, the inflow of continuum energy will be from all three dimensions.
Thus gravity is really no more than the conversion of the 2-dimensional centripetal force of quantum whirlpools into their combined strength in 3 dimensions.
The electromagnetic force is related to the rate of flow of the fluid energy in an electron around its proton. This flow is 10^39 times that of the flow of continuum energy onto a core once it has reached its critical size. The flow of electron energy around one core can combine with that around another core to produce a single flow around both cores. This is why 2 hydrogen atoms combine to form 1 hydrogen molecule and why it is much stronger than the gravitational force.
One reason why I think neutrons and protons are disc shaped is because photons are disc shaped. Photons are composed only of fluid energy and because they can have any energy density between that of solid energy and the continuum they are very flexible. They roll along and therefore generate their own centripetal force that prevents them from rapidly expanding back into continuum energy.
Their ability to be compressed and expanded allows them to pass through glass. In book 2 I show that a visible photon that is around 1000 times larger than a typical atom flows between and around regions of higher energy density in the solid. Hence the path taken by a photon is longer than the direct path across the thickness of the glass. Hence photons appear to slow down in dense mediums but actually they are just taking a longer path length.
Note that they are not being absorbed at any time in their transit.
I now have to go but will return tomorrow if possible.
Jimbo
