research papers for the year of 2005
A theory for quark synthesis (qsyn) is long overdue. This theory promises to give a more plausible explanation for matter dominant against antimatter in the universe. Equivalently, qsyn is synonymous to space-time charge synthesis (ssyn). To recapitulate, a proton is made of 2 up quarks and 1 down quark whose unit electric charges are respectively 2/3 and -1/3. This concept of fractional values agrees perfectly with the Standard Model of elementary particles both in theory and in ...
The electric charge of an up quark is 2/3, that of a down quark is -1/3. The proton is made of 2 up’s and 1 down with electric charge equal 2(2/3)-1/3=1. The lepton called the electron has an electric charge of -1. If elementary particles with unit electric charge of 1/6 or -1/6 exist then it is possible to describe both quarks and leptons in term of multiples of these unit electric charges. Starting with the electron: it is made of 1 (+1/6) and 7 (-1/6) with a net electric charge ...