Self-catalytic fusion cycle is also known as the carbon-nitrogen cycle of thermonuclear reactions. This type of reaction was theorized by Hans Bethe in 1938 which was instrumental for his award of 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1967/ . The reactions are as follows: a carbon-12 (12C) nucleus captures a hydrogen nucleus (1H, a proton) to form a nucleus of nitrogen-13 (13N); a gamma ray (g) is emitted in the process. The nitrogen-13 nucleus emits a positive electron (positron, e+) and becomes carbon-13 (13C). This nucleus captures another proton, becomes nitrogen-14 (14N), and emits another gamma ray. The nitrogen-14 captures a proton to form oxygen-15 (15O); the resulting nucleus ejects a positron as above and is thereby transformed to nitrogen-15 (15N). Eventually, the nitrogen-15 nucleus captures a fast-moving proton and breaks down into a carbon-12 nucleus plus a helium nucleus (alpha particle) of mass 4 (4He). In symbols:
For these to be effective the barrier of high temperature beyond a few millions degrees must be surmounted.


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