Episode from the history of physics.

[socratus]

=============
It was time when idea of vacuum was clear to everybody
because if the planets travel without friction in it,
it means the vacuum is an empty space.
Then by practical experience it was discovered
that the light waves are transverse waves.
But the transverse waves can distribute only in solid environments.
Then there is a strange situation:
on one hand, for the light spreading in Vacuum there should
completely be absence of friction , i.e. space should be empty;
on the other hand Vacuum should have solid steel structure.
Such combination of different characteristics
of vacuum are not explained logically.
And then all physicists became crazy.
Why?
Because it has turned out as in an old joke:
" If on a cage of a tiger you will see
inscription “the cat” do not believe your eyes. "
All physicists see, that vacuum is an empty space,
but they did not believe their eyes and composed
new and new theories about it.
All these theories have appeared wrong and
they are covered with a dust on the shelves of a history of a science.
It is a pity, that there was nobody who could stop them
in that critical moment and say:
" Listen, friend.
You see, that all planets move without friction in vacuum.
It means that vacuum is an empty space.
So, don't touch vacuum, leave it in rest.
It is more cleverly to pay attention on the light,
on the quantum of light.
Think, what form quantum of light must have,
how it must act that you have an illusion
that vacuum is a firm, steel space.”
Р.S.
If you think that situation with vacuum
is clear and somebody understand the
structure of it, you are mistaken.

====================

[mkirkpatrick]

Socratus,thanks for the thread,you seem to have a fascination for vacuums!I agree with
you that there is much yet to fully understand the vacuum,that if it really exists that is?

What other word would you use to describe it,and what are your personal views of the
airless state of vacuum!



regards michael.

[socratus]

A little more about vacuum , “ideal gas “and particles.
=======..
To solve some difficult problem the physicists
create a simple abstract model.
Beginning from this simple model they learned
to solve practical and difficult tasks.
In that time it was the right way to solve that problem.
Take, for example, the theory of “ideal gas “.
The " ideal gas " represents one theoretical model of gas
and the physicists say it does not exist in nature.
It was found, that properties of real gases are very close
to “ideal gas”. The result “ very close “ was quite satisfied
for physicists. But from time of creation the theory of
" ideal gas " about 100 years have passed and the
quantum theory was created. And from the quantum theory
we know that to use the expression "very close" it is impossible.
Why?
Because very small (insignificant) changes in the microworld
is a cause of radical transformation in system.
We must be very cautious, using words
"very close …, almost equally”.
=========…
I offer to consider model "ideal gas" as real model of the vacuum.
Why?
Because the temperature of " ideal gas " is equal to -273 degrees.
And temperature of pure vacuum is the same.
Now it is considered that the Universe,
as an absolute frame of reference is in a condition of T = 2,7K
(rests of relic radiation of the Big Bang ).
But, the relic radiation is extended and in the future will change
and decrease down to Т=0К, isn’t it?
Now everyone knows, that absolute temperature T=0K
cannot be reached. But is it enough reason to think
that space T=0K doesn't exist?
If Columbus did not discover America,
there was not America, was it?
We have all theoretical and logical rights to investigate
the vacuum T=0K.
==========
Einstein said,
"… we have not proven that the Aether does not exist, we
have merely proven that we do not need it (for computations)"
It is correct.
Vacuum does not have influence on behaviour of particles.
Therefore we will say nothing about vacuum.
But...
What is it possible to say about particles in vacuum?
1.
The first question: “ Can they have volume?”
No.
Because according to J. Charles law ( 1787),
when the temperature falls down on 1 degree
the volume decreases on 1/273. And when the
temperature reaches -273 degree the volume
disappears. The physicists say, if the particle
has completely lost its volume then:
a)
the substance, matter disappears
b)
the physical parameters of particles becomes infinite.
But such statement contradicts the
"Law of conservation and transformation energy".
And then we must understand what the sense of the
"Law of conservation and transformation energy" is,
we should understand and accept that
when volume of the particles disappear
they become "indefinitely flat figures ".
What do "indefinitely flat figures " mean?
They mean, that we cannot reach Absolute Vacuum T=0K
and we also cannot reach density of the particle in the T=0K.
The “ Charles law” was confirmed by other physicists:
Gay-Lussac ( 1802), W. Nernst ( 1910), A. Einstein ( 1925) .
These "indefinitely flat figures " have the geometrical form
of a circle, as from all flat figures the circle has the most
optimal form: C/D=pi= 3,14.
P.S.
We can see the same situation in quantum theory too,
when electron interacts with vacuum, its physical parameters
become infinite. We see the “relay race” of misunderstanding
in the physics, which goes from one generation to another one,
only because at the beginning the " ideal gas " wasn’t understood.
2.
Let us take some area of Vacuum and mark it with letter R.
The number of particles in this area we will mark with letter N.
Then every particle of this area has gravity/ mass of rest: R/N= k.
3.
Classic physics asserts, that in a Vacuum T=0K the motion
of particles stops, and the energy of Vacuum is equal to zero.
The quantum physics asserts, that in a Vacuum T=0K there is
motion of particles, and the energy of Vacuum is not zero.
Therefore, let us take some energy area of Vacuum and
mark it with letter E.
The mass of this energy area of Vacuum we will
mark with letter M.
Then every particle of this area has energy/mass of rest:
E/M= c^2, ( E=Mc^2, M=Ec^2.)
4.
As these particles are in the state of rest condition
their impulse is equal to zero ( h=0).
5.
Mathematical point.
In mathematics, such condition of the particles in Vacuum
is characterized with the imaginary quantity : i^2 = -1.
==============================
Now we have the whole bouquet of formulas to begin
to paint the picture of creating the Existence.
P.S.
The quantum physics approves that “virtual particles”
exist in Vacuum
Astrophysics approve that “ latent mass, invisible
particles, dark matter ” exist in Vacuum.
Everything was created from them.
But nobody knows what they are.
Now maybe somebody will understand these
“virtual, invisible, latent particles”.
=====================

[bottomlander]

=============
It was time when idea of vacuum was clear to everybody
because if the planets travel without friction in it,
it means the vacuum is an empty space.
====================

Sorry that it seems too haste to conclude that planets travel without friction in vacuum.
Actually, the rotation of the Earth seems slowing down - perhaps due to tidal forces, gravity pulls, meteor bombardments, mass increment and the likes. But we cannot exclude the possible presence of tiny viscosity (if in fluid/continuum) or what you called friction (interacts between interfaces of solids). Viscosity, if any, should be in the scale of Planck constant. So, really too difficult to be detected.

Best Regards. Bottomlander

[socratus]

Viscosity, if any, should be in the scale of Planck constant. So, really too difficult to be detected.

Best Regards. Bottomlander

=============
Superviscosity = superfluid = superconductivity.
These processes were detected by Kamerlingh-Onnes
and Kapitza and was explained by Landau.
These processes could be go in the early stage of
creating the material world from nothing / vacuum.

[bottomlander]

=============
Superviscosity = superfluid = superconductivity.
These processes were detected by Kamerlingh-Onnes
and Kapitza and was explained by Landau.
These processes could be go in the early stage of
creating the material world from nothing / vacuum.

Dear socratus,

Glad to have the information.
I think many toequesters are interested on these topics. Can you post some links?

Best Regards. Bottomlander