[RascalPuff]

The 'Ugly Head' of Einstein's Abandoned Cosmological Constant
Newton asserted ‘Hypothesis non fingo’. - ‘I make no hypothesis’. Yet, his entire, unarguably revolutionary Classical Mechanics was based on the hypothetical 'particle' that science has yet to assuredly accommodate. The ‘particle concept’ that dominates physics and the vast majority of colloquial human thought: has never been proven beyond hypothetical, quasi-scientific retainers. ‘The (rarely) indicted ‘particle’ Isn’t found ‘wrong’ here, but rather: resiliently incomplete; so as to aggressively exclude the incumbent role of the continuous field in the dualistic balance of material considerations. The dubbed 'particle' is found to be a charge of electricity, having no distinct boundaries separating it from surrounding space - into which the 'particle charge' omnidirectionally projects electromagnetic energy; in discontinuous quantum units exhibiting qualities of particle and wave (refer: 'waveicles'). - K. B. Robertson

"In the laboratory of Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867), who made many important contributions to the knowledge of electricity and magnetism, there is an interesting entry in 1849. It reads:
'Gravity. Surely this force must be capable of an experimental relation to electricity, magnetism, and other forces, so as to build it up with them in reciprocal action and equivalent effect. Consider for a moment how to go about touching this matter by facts and trial.'
"But the numerous experiments this famous British physicist undertook to discover such a relation were fruitless, and he concluded this section of his diary with these words: 'Here end my trials for the present. The results are negative. They do not shake my strong feeling of the existence of a relation between gravity and electricity, though they give no proof that such a relation exists.' " - George Gamow, GRAVITY

"It is very odd that the theory of gravity, originated by Newton and completed by Einstein, should stand now in majestic isolation, a Taj Mahal of Science, having little of anything to do with the rapid developments in other branches of physics. Einstein's concept of the gravitational field grew from his Special Theory of Relativity, and the Special Theory was based on the Theory of the Electromagnetic Field formulated in the last century by the British physicist, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-79). But in spite of many attempts, Einstein and those who have followed him have failed any (gravitational) contact with Maxwell's electrodynamics... "Einstein's theory of gravitation was more or less contemporary with quantum theory, but in the forty-five years since they appeared, the two theories have had quite different rates of development. Proposed by Max Planck and carried forward by the work of Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, Erwin Schroedinger, Werner Heisenberg, and others, quantum theory has made colossal progress and evolved into a broad discipline that explains in detail the inner structures of atoms and their nuclei." - Gamow, GRAVITY

"On the other hand, Einstein's theory of gravity remains to this day essentially as it was when he formulated it half a century ago. While hundreds, even thousands, of scientists study the various branches of quantum theory and apply it in many, many fields of experimental research, only a few persist in devoting their time and passion to further development in the study of gravitation. Can it be that empty space is simpler than material bodies? Or did the genius of Einstein accomplish everything that could be done about gravity in our time and so deprive a generation of the hope of further progress?" - George Gamow, GRAVITY, p. 136.

"There is no space empty of field." - Einstein, *Contributions to Science (*Ideas & Opinions)
("There is no 'empty space', only 'functional, metric space'." - K. B. Robertson, Apprentice to Albert - 'The Axe' - Einstein.)
"Magnetism, gravity, and action at-a-distance have not lost an iota of their baffling mystery since Gilbert (before Newton 1642 - 1726)" - Arthur Koestler, THE SLEEPWALKERS.

"Since the General Theory of Relativity implies the manifestation of physical reality as a continuous field, the concept of discontinuous particle cannot play a fundamental part, the ‘particle’ can only appear as a limited region of space in which the field strength and/or density of energy is particularly high." - Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 348
"The combination of the concept of continuous field with that of mass-points discontinuous from space appears inconsistent. A consistent (total) field theory requires continuity of all elements of the theory, not only in time but also in space, and in all points in space. Hence the material particle has no place as a fundamental concept in a field theory." - Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 345

"It is very probable that there is a hidden relation between gravity on the one hand and the electromagnetic field and material particles on the other, but nobody is prepared today to say what kind of relation it is. And there is no way of foretelling how soon any further important progress will be made in this direction." - Excerpted from the Preface to GRAVITY, by George Gamow.

"According to General Relativity, the concept of space detached from any physical content does not exist. The physical reality of space is represented by a field." - Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 348
___________________
THE 'UGLY HEAD' of the AGAIN and AGAIN BANISHED SINE QUA NON
"Big Bang', 'SuperStrings', 'Dark matter', 'Quintessence' and 'New Age' etceteras,
versus the 'out dated' 'ugly headed' Cosmological Constant, Lambda /\
(A repelling force, unlike any known other, in that it becomes greater with increased distance. Re: acceleration.)

“It is well known to students of high school algebra that it is permissable to divide both sides of an equation by any quantity, provided that this quantity is not zero. However, in the course of his proof Einstein had divided both sides of one of his intermediate equations by a complicated expression, which in certain circumstances, could become zero (‘at the slightest provocation’)...
“In the case, however, when this expression becomes equal to zero, Einstein’s proof does not hold, and (mathematician) Friedmann realized that this opened a whole new world of time-dependent universes; expanding, collapsing, and pulsating ones.

“Thus Einstein’s original gravity equation was correct, and changing it was a mistake. Much later, when I was discussing cosmological problems with Einstein, he remarked that the introduction of the cosmological term was the biggest blunder he ever made in his life. But the ‘blunder’, rejected by Einstein, and the cosmological constant denoted by the Greek letter /\, rears its ugly head again and again and again.” - George Gamow, GRAVITY, p. 270
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From: Associate Professor BenTheMan To RascalPuff, 4/18/07
Rascal---
It is not clear to me that you have done anything but quote outdated references.
And, to be clear, Newton NEVER based ANYTHING on a graviton. One of the biggest problems Newton had with his own work was that he had no idea concerning what gravity actually WAS.

Sometimes you eat the bahr, and, well, sometimes he eats you. ---Anon

From RascalPuff to BenTheMan:
Dear BenTheMan:
The point of the 'outdated' references is they're retrieved from the trashcan and being put back on the slate. The increasingly desperate big bangers are plundering key features of what was previously abandoned; while continuing on with their bankrupt (originally presented) 'big bang' , which now only vaguely resembles it's initial inception and presentation.

Enter (collectively) in google: Cosmological Constant Lambda Expanding universe big bang acceleration red shift dark energy Friedmann Lemaitre Robertson Walker.
Enter in google: 'Einstein was right after all - maybe'.
I am fully aware of :
'The idea that matter can act at a distance across space to influence other matter is to me so great an absurdity that no man with a competent facility for thinking could ever fall into it'. - Newton, Paraphrased.
The animus mundi.
A complete mystery to Newton, who repeatedly, deliberately and emphatically clarified that 'gravity' was a complete mystery to him.
It is clear that your only respite is the statement of the obvious that you've extended. Thank you for your seasoned views.
_____

"There was a young lady named Bright. Who moved much faster than light. She departed one day, in a relative way, and returned on the previous night." - Eric Buller, 1923

[MJA]

Thanks for your well written and well schooled recap defining the history of measure and it's inherent uncertainties, theories, unresolved questions, and doubt. The "ugly head" is simply the darkness that the measure of difference has created. Science looks to answer the questions of measure with further measure, only compounding the theories or the uncertainties of past giants to whom you refer.

Science is the measure of difference which can only divide. The parodox of science is that it uses measure or the process of division to find or search for the solution to unification.

I find great humor in this now!

Although the laughter guickly subsides when one understands that the flawed belief in the certainty of measure or difference is the root cause of all our problems. Those problems of division or inequity is the path of self destruction. Turn on the news if you can bare to watch the results of this difference or inequity. It is only the weakness of denial that would argue: what problem?

Man has three directions to go from here. We can stay on the path of measure, defined today as only probability, the path of division that tears us apart. We can live in denial, pull the shades, and wait for the implosion. Or we can move on to a life where the limits of science or measure are understood as not the path to unity but rather the flaw that holds all things apart. While science micro and macro analyses the uncertain results of measure, the analysis must be redirected on measure itself. That beyond the giants of past measure that you so elequently recaped, is not futher difference but simply a life without measure, or more simply, equality.

Nature's single truth is simply that all things are one. To unite gravity with electromagnitism or any other energy or mass or space is simply to remove the flaw. If we practice the truth of equal we will know Unity or TOE at last..

e=mc2 > =

MJA

[Lloyd Gillespie]

E = MC^2 = Change!!!

Lloyd

[mkirkpatrick]

Thanks RP,Humour is the oil the loosens the grip of the many,and allows the flow of the
unified one energy to reveal its intention fully to those who attend to detail?


regards michael.

[michellemfry]

Your signature quote is one of my favorites, and I, after all these seasoned years still love to think of the young lady named Bright. Followed her for years without any diaapointment whatsoever. Bravo, Bravo. Golf clap please.