Something from Nothing

[melanie]

Nothing can be thought about only as an abstract thing, but nothing isn't a thing, no - thing.
Nonduality is another word for nothing appearing as everything.

[austintorn@aol.com]

If it does, then it is as real stuff, the balance of opposites; although I'm not saying that any one piece will last forever, but that doesn't take its realness away.

[melanie]

If it does, then it is as real stuff, the balance of opposites; although I'm not saying that any one piece will last forever, but that doesn't take its realness away.

Of course it's real stuff.

According to our conscious mind, reality is made up of visuals and senses,
this phenomena tells us that there appears to be a real tangible reality.

But it's appearing from no where to no one, it's an unexplained mysterious phenomena.

If we could 'actually' locate this conscious mind, and all these senses, perhaps we could put this phenomena in a jar for every body to see,
but that is obviously silly and impossible, the conscious mind can not be cut-up or divided.
It is all one integrated interconnected undivided whole.
Although the mind does just that , it cuts itself up into many parts, but these parts are just the names and labels it calls itself.
It's Nothing being Everything, so everything is mind, which further proves that all is dream substance or nothing.

Sensation, knowing, touching, tasting, smelling, fearing, happiness, to whom are these sensations arising?
who is experiencing these sensations? they are all arising in the conscious mind / awareness. There is nothing outside of this.


There is only ONE 'author-ity' which hides 'itself' behind every face and phenomenon.




It's all mind dream stuff.
There is no such thing as nonduality, but then again, nonduality is not a thing.

By studying Nonduality, we can at least begin to understand the idea of something from nothing.

Namaste

Have a great life, it's a beautiful free gift, and it can be very beautiful for human beings if only they knew it.

[G_burnett]

accepting things just as they are is non duality, there are no free rides in this universe unless you work in the Carney... sage

[Graybeard]

25-MAY-2009

Just to re-iterate here:

Pressure gravitates.
Pressure can have a negative value.
Positive Pressure makes a Positive contribution to Gravity.
Negative Pressure makes a Negative contribution to Gravity.

Now just for a moment going back to the compressed spring: This is outward directed pressure and is called Positive Pressure. Positive Pressure makes a Positive contribution to Gravity.

Einstein introduced the Cosmological Constant when he realised that the equations could not 'maintain' a static universe, which he and everyone else wanted. So the A's initial purpose was a balance to oppose 'attractive' gravity and stabilise the universe. (Which no one knew was expanding, or even had expanded.)

Bearing that in mind, Einstein's equations make sense whether the cosmological constant A is positive or negative. He realised this and in order to achieve his ends he gave it a positive value. A negative value yields ordinary attractive gravity. But a Positive value yields a uniform Negative Pressure

It is also a constant uniform pressure and does not directly exert a force which pressure differences do.




The Cosmological Constant, Dark Energy, the Inflaton Field, Repulsive Gravity are all terms for something we don't really know about.

Basically its possible for a negative pressure to arise, in fact the odds are favourable. It does not have to arise everywhere at once. It does not require special conditions

Linde's latest equations show that that the negative field could have emerged from a size smaller than 10^-33 centimetres across (planck length ?) and would only needed to 'weigh' as much as a grain of dust (10^-5 grams ?).

From this grain of dust the equations can build a whole universe, with all the matter and space we currently observe. But to keep this in perspective the 'grain of dust' would have had to have a energy density above 10^94 grams.

The problem with this is that 'negative gravity' is counter intuitive. If you picture it as a pressure pushing outwards against gravity you have the wrong concept. And if you have the wrong concept it will forever be difficult to understand inflation.

cool bananas ... greg

Gunna get my pitcher on da cover, gunna buy five copies for my mudder, gunna see my smilin face ...... on da cover of da rollin........................

[Graybeard]

29-MAY-2009

This field existed, before spacetime and matter. I don't know for how long but long enough for a number of events to occur.

The gravity of this field is not the gravity of today, where energy and pressure are negligible contributors, but where they are the dominant contributors. Perhaps it could be described as not yet having gone thru the phase transition that separates 'then' from today

If the field has a restless urge to seek the smooth state, then once achieved, its energy value would measure zero, and we would measure zero if we measured its rate of change of this value. We would say metaphysically that we found 'nothing' to measure ? If we arbitrarily raised the value of the whole field uniformly, or lowered it uniformly, we would still measure zero/zero across the field. The field when still (or smooth) is contributing the least possible energy it can.

In the electro-weak theory, above 10^15 degrees this field has an average value of zero, all fundamental matter particles are mass-less and all force particles are mass-less as well. Above 10^28 degrees (grand unified Higgs) photons, gluons, W and Z particles can all be freely interchanged with no observable consequence. Total symmetry. So as the universe cools the field goes thru phase transitions that break symmetry.

Guth was working on the monopole problem, a separate problem, when he found that his calculations were describing a period of inflation. Also many others working independently came across inflation, especially behind the iron-curtain, but initially they lagged behind. Because firstly, they didn't fully appreciate that it solved many other problems, horizon, flatness, etc, but also it had a serious problem itself. If you don't know what the problem is, I'll try to explain it.

In 'seeking a smooth state', it became implicit that a less smooth-state must be allowed. This can be explained by QM, but I digress. As the field goes from unsmooth (is there such a word .. lol) to smooth, equations exist that define the shape of the 'energy bowl', which in its smoothest state would have the field values at the lowest part of the bowl, just as water would settle in a bowl. As the field rolls down the bowl Guth was trying to understand what phase transitions occur (humps in the bowl), fast, slow, could it become stuck, could it be delayed, etc. he thought this was relevant to the monopole problem.

The fields previous random QM fluctuations (unsmooth) have caused the field to cool slightly, this is why its descending to the bottom of the bowl. Random QM fluctuations now govern the wave front, values may be high here, low over there, but on average the wave front is descending smoothly. Guth discovered that the average value could plataeu momentarily. As the universe continues to cool the field value becomes hung on this bump or plateau. The field has become supercooled, latent with potential ... or a phase transition. Latent energy is increasing but no observable change is occurring. This suffuses all of space with energy and a uniform negative pressure. The latter was Guth's great insight.

Eventually the supercooled Higgs field values, thru QM fluctuations, jumps down to the lower level (off the plateau). But would it happen everywhere in space at the same time? Guth said no, the relaxation of the field to its zero energy value is a process. It drops to zero value at one point and this starts an outward spreading bubble whose 'walls' move at light speed. Put more simply, when zero energy is reached at a given point, then this value spreads away from that point at the speed of light, or with the passing of the 'wall'. According to Guth many such bubbles would occur as the field stabilised to zero. But all these bubbles would have to join to form a universe with a zero energy inflaton field and because the space between the bubbles was still uniformly suffused with negative pressure which was driving space apart at many times the speed of light, then the bubbles would most likely never coalesce.

Here's the calculation if your interested This equation is what drives expansion at an exponential rate.

It is not difficult to see how accelerated expansion arises. One of Einstein's equations is d^2a/ dt^2/ a = -4 pi/ 3(P + 3p) Where a, P, p are scale factors of the universe. Its 'size', the energy density and the pressure density respectively. Notice that if the right hand side of the equation is positive, the scale factor will grow at an increasing rate: the universe's rate of growth will accelerate with time. For a Higgs field perched on a plateau its pressure density turns out to be equal the negative of its energy density. The same is true for the cosmological constant. And so the right hand side of the equation is indeed positive

So ... if the bubbles never coalesce maybe each bubble is a different universe. No, this turned out to be incorrect. Guth needed the bubble walls to coalesce because, as the field reaches its zero energy value its energy is not lost, but is converted into normal matter and radiation that inhabits it now. In Guths mechanism this conversion occurs as the bubbles collide and coalesce. But insights by Linde and others corrected all this.

New calculations prolonged the initial inflationary burst so that a single bubble grew large enough to encompass the entire observable universe.

But then it was found that you did not need the whole value of the field to plateau. Instead Random QM variations in the value occur across the field the whole time. When they are small or medium, nothing happens and they revert to the void, but when the value is high (eureka) even in an area less than 10^-33 cm, a cosmic 'friction' sets in, due, I think, to the latent energy conversion that is occurring at the wavefront between the two values. QM fluctuations are governing the wave front's rate of change. This resistance is consistent and causes the field to roll down the energy bowl slowly. This causes the field to contribute a nearly constant energy and a nearly constant negative pressure.

According to the calculations above, this is exactly what you need to drive a period of inflationary expansion. This is called chaotic inflation. The graph below graphically displays the initial fluctuations of the field



The microwave cosmic background radiation is around 2.7 k but it does vary. But not till around the fourth decimal point. So if you measure the temp difference between 2 points in space you will get variations up to 1/10000 of a degree (photons have had to travel thru more and less dense areas and their energy varies depending on the gravitational fields they have had to overcome) Using the CMBR as a 'fossilised record' inflationary theory graphed and predicted the temp variations across a region of space and this graph exactly matches the COBE satellite and WMAP satellite temp measurements.

cool bananas ... greg

And now, a word from our negative sponsors

January 31 2012

(PhysOrg.com) -- When scientists discovered in 1998 that the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, the possibility that dark energy could explain the observation was intriguing. But because there has been little progress in figuring out exactly what dark energy is, the idea has since become more of a problem than a solution for some scientists.

One physicist, Massimo Villata of the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) in Pino Torinese, Italy, describes dark energy as “embarrassing,” saying that the concept is an ad hoc element to standard cosmology and is devoid of any physical meaning.

Villata is one of many scientists who are looking for new explanations of the Universe’s accelerating expansion that involve some form of repulsive gravity. In this case, the repulsive gravity could stem from antimatter hiding in voids.

In Villata’s paper, which will soon be published in Astrophysics and Space Science, he suggests that antimatter could be hiding in these large voids, separated from matter by mutual gravitational repulsion. As he explained previously, the gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter is a prediction of general relativity. In this scenario, matter has a positive gravitational charge while antimatter has a (hypothetical) negative gravitational charge. As a result, both matter and antimatter are gravitationally self-attractive, yet mutually repulsive.

The gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter could be so powerful, in fact, that Villata has calculated that it could be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe, eliminating the need for dark energy and possibly dark matter.

Repulsive gravity of this form could even theoretically explain some observations that dark energy cannot, even theoretically, explain.

MORE .......... ?


cool bananas ... greggy

[dipayankar]

I thought that Dark energy was already discovered

29-MAY-2009

And now, a word from our negative sponsors

January 31 2012

(PhysOrg.com) -- When scientists discovered in 1998 that the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, the possibility that dark energy could explain the observation was intriguing. But because there has been little progress in figuring out exactly what dark energy is, the idea has since become more of a problem than a solution for some scientists.

One physicist, Massimo Villata of the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) in Pino Torinese, Italy, describes dark energy as “embarrassing,” saying that the concept is an ad hoc element to standard cosmology and is devoid of any physical meaning.

Villata is one of many scientists who are looking for new explanations of the Universe’s accelerating expansion that involve some form of repulsive gravity. In this case, the repulsive gravity could stem from antimatter hiding in voids.

In Villata’s paper, which will soon be published in Astrophysics and Space Science, he suggests that antimatter could be hiding in these large voids, separated from matter by mutual gravitational repulsion. As he explained previously, the gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter is a prediction of general relativity. In this scenario, matter has a positive gravitational charge while antimatter has a (hypothetical) negative gravitational charge. As a result, both matter and antimatter are gravitationally self-attractive, yet mutually repulsive.

The gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter could be so powerful, in fact, that Villata has calculated that it could be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe, eliminating the need for dark energy and possibly dark matter.

Repulsive gravity of this form could even theoretically explain some observations that dark energy cannot, even theoretically, explain.

MORE .......... ?


cool bananas ... greggy

[Graybeard]

I thought that Dark energy was already discovered

Dark Energy is just a name we give to whatever it is that is driving expansion ? Naming it is not the same as understanding it

cool bananas ... greg

[Graybeard]

29-MAY-2009

The microwave cosmic background radiation is around 2.7 k but it does vary. But not till around the fourth decimal point. So if you measure the temp difference between 2 points in space you will get variations up to 1/10000 of a degree (photons have had to travel thru more and less dense areas and their energy varies depending on the gravitational fields they have had to overcome) Using the CMBR as a 'fossilised record' inflationary theory graphed and predicted the temp variations across a region of space and this graph exactly matches the COBE satellite and WMAP satellite temp measurements.

cool bananas ... greg

1 February 2012

Media representatives are invited to a briefing on new observations of the Milky Way and other galaxies by ESA's Planck mission.

The media briefing is being organised by the Italian space agency, ASI, and the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) at the Area della Ricerca CNR, Bologna, Italy on 13 February at 11:00–12:30 CET. Between 13 and 17 February, scientists from ESA and several European astronomy institutes will present new findings from Planck and other experiments.

Planck's goal is to measure the 'cosmic microwave background radiation', the first light in the Universe left over from a time just 380 000 years after the Big Bang created the cosmos we live in.

From this most accurate map to date of the background radiation we expect to learn a great deal about the birth, early evolution and ultimate fate of the Universe.
Planck was launched in May 2009, and has observed the sky continuously for more than 30 months, more than twice its required life.

One of Planck's instruments will continue to return data for a large part of 2012. Planck's first cosmological results will be released in early 2013. To build the map of the early Universe, emissions produced by objects much closer to us must first be identified and removed. Removed – but not thrown away.

These foreground emissions originate mainly from our own Galaxy but also from other, more distant ones. They are a scientific treasure trove, allowing astronomers across the world to gain new insights into our Galaxy and the Universe.
The new results presented at the media briefing will include an all-sky map of carbon monoxide emission in the Milky Way, and a map of a mysterious component of our Galaxy referred to as the 'haze'.

cool bananas ... greggy

[Graybeard]

Planck at a glance

ESA's microwave observatory

Named after the German Nobel laureate Max Planck (1858-1947), ESA's Planck mission is the first European space observatory whose main goal is the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) – the relic radiation from the Big Bang.

Observing at microwave wavelengths, ESA's Planck observatory is the third space mission of its kind. The first two, COBE and WMAP, were American. Planck is measuring tiny fluctuations in the CMB with unprecedented accuracy, providing the sharpest picture ever of the early Universe — when the cosmos was only 380 000 years old. This will allow cosmologists to zero-in on theories that describe the Universe's birth and evolution.

Planck is measuring the fluctuations of the CMB with an accuracy set by fundamental astrophysical limits. In other words, it may be impossible to ever take better images of this radiation than those obtained from Planck.

The spacecraft is equipped with a powerful telescope and two instruments operating at radio to sub-millimetre wavelengths. A sophisticated cryogenic system keeps their detectors at temperatures close to absolute zero.

“Planck will measure the fluctuations of the CMB with an accuracy set by fundamental astrophysical limits.”

Launch: 14 May 2009 on board an Ariane 5 from ESA's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. The launch took place at 15:12 CEST. Planck was launched along with Herschel, ESA's infrared space observatory.

Status: In operation.

Journey: Planck was launched with ESA's Herschel infrared space observatory. Herschel separated from the upper stage of the launcher 26 minutes after launch and Planck followed 2.5 minutes later. The two spacecraft now operate independently. The upper stage set both spacecraft onto a trajectory that led them to orbits around the second Lagrangian point (L2), situated about 1.5 million km from Earth in the direction opposite to the Sun.

Orbit: Planck operates from a Lissajous orbit around L2, the second Lagrangian point of the Sun-Earth system, with an amplitude of
400 000 km. L2 is located 1.5 million km from Earth.

Telescope and instruments: Planck carries a 1.9x1.5-m telescope, with an effective aperture of 1.5 m. It focuses radiation from the sky onto two arrays of sensitive radio detectors, those of the Low Frequency Instrument and those of the High Frequency Instrument. Together they measure the temperature of the CMB over the sky, searching for regions very slightly warmer or colder than the average.

“A sophisticated cryogenic system keeps the instrument's detectors at temperatures close to absolute zero.”

Wavelength coverage: Planck observes in nine wavelength bands, from one centimetre to one third of a millimetre, corresponding to a range of wavelengths from microwaves to the very-far-infrared.

Launch mass: About 1.9 tonnes.

Dimensions: Approximately 4.2 m high and 4.2 m wide.

Ground station:ESA's deep space antenna in New Norcia.

Planned lifetime: Routine observations are planned to last until November 2011, allowing the whole sky to be surveyed four times. After this, the LFI instrument will continue operating for an additional year, providing more information to help astronomers interpret the CMB data.


cool bananas ... greggy