Dark Energy, Dark Matter, & Dark Fluid

[JAK]

For about 20 years, science has been baffled by what appears to be Dark Energy and Dark Matter (NASA:What is Dark Energy). Presently, the two leading explanations refer to the Cosmological Constant and to "Quintessence". However, both Dark Energy and Dark Matter have not been directly observed - only inferred based upon other observations and scientific beliefs.

Regarding the "invisibility" or "darkness", one aspect which seems unexplored is radiation as a dual wave phenomena. If two waves are out-of-phase (180 degrees of angle between them), then they cancel each other out. Commonly called "destructive interference", this phenomena could explain the invisibility of, at least, the "dark energy". Typically, our instrumentation relies on radiation to exhibit a "wave packet" or an undulation of "peaks and troughs". If the "peaks and troughs" are absent, then our ability to detect anything likely disappears. With an out-of-phase dual wave, there are no "peaks and troughs"; it "flat-lines".

To show this phenomena graphically, the University of Salford website has a splendid tool (U. of Salford: Superposition of Waves). In the lower portion of the "superposition" webpage is a "Phase Difference" tool whereby you can see the effect on wave form when manipulating the angle of phase. With the angle at zero degrees, the two waves are "in-phase" with no difference/separation, thus, causing their amplitudes to be added together ("constructive interference"). With a difference of about 122 degrees, the amplitude drops to about the amplitude of the original two waves. However, as the angle increases to 180 degrees, the amplitude continually shrinks until it disappears completely at 180 degrees whereby the waves are "out-of-phase".

Two maintain the 180 degree opposition as well as the wave action, each of the dual waves could be thought of as a "twisted pair of wire":



To knock the waves out of invisibility, one of the waves would have to gain or lose its frequency slightly (creating an angle "less than" or "greater than" 180 degrees). This slight alteration would create a "beat wave" such as that shown on the bottom of Daniel Russell's webpage (Kettering U.: Superposition of Waves), two sine waves with slightly different frequencies create a "beat wave" which has the signature "wave packet" profile traditionally ascribed to light and heat photons as well as other electromagnetic radiation. Thus, a dual wave, with similar amplitude of the two waves, but having slightly different frequencies, could produce the "wave packet" form of photons. In other words, same frequency, invisible, and with a frequency difference, visible.

Additionally, for the Thomas Young "double-slit" experiment, the "wave packets" which form "beats" could be construed as "particles". If the "beat wave" is the source of apparent "particle-ness", then this approach lends itself to a "wave based" unification of physics. The remaining particles would then need to be explained through some sort of wave factor, a process which might be possible using another idea: Dark Fluid (see Wiki Dark Fluid)

Dark Fluid hearkens back to the idea of an "aether" which was embraced long ago but rejected by Issac Newton. However, with Einstein's idea of the "curvature of space" as well as the notion of an "expanding universe", something tangible seemed to be present. With Dark Fluid, the "aether" is back and promotes Dark Energy and Dark Matter as closely related. "Dark Energy" would be very "thin" Dark Fluid, while "Dark Matter" would be a thickening or "coagulation" of Dark Fluid. And "coagulating" Dark Fluid seems closely tied to matter and gravitation.

The question becomes: "What is Dark Fluid"? I suggest that Dark Fluid is a fabric of "gluons" - the component of the "standard model" directly related to holding particles together. But rather than gluons being attached to particles, I propose that gluons attach to each other. Particles forced into this fabric are bound together like billiard balls dropped into a stretchy nylon mesh netting. This is Einstein's "curvature of space". This is also the "bunching up of Dark Fluid".

So, what else suggests "fabric of gluons"? It is known that a colliding electron and positron annihilate each other leaving two gamma ray photons. However, during the annihilation, other particles (quarks and gluons) are believed to be found. One question becomes: "How did the gluons become part of the electron and positron originally?" In other words, with the Conservation of Energy Law, where is the "accounting" for the gluons? During the formation of the electron and positron, if a gluon or two was required, were they bystanders? Did the other components of the electron and positron need to tarry awaiting a gluon to come by and consummate the "marriage"? Or, more likely to me, were gluons ubiquitous and merely enveloped the particle components as they came together?

With a fabric of gluons, suddenly, the elusive Higgs Boson becomes a myth. It has not been found because it does not need to exist. Gravitons are also eliminated as a necessary component. Since the gluons are attached to each other as if "locking arms", then pushing one makes all of them resist. Dropping a particle (or a galaxy) into an ocean of gluons would be akin to dropping a bowling ball on a trampoline. The gluons stretch together under the location of the heaviest object. And the gluons stretch and stretch but do not let go. Gravity becomes a measurement of stretch which becomes weaker with greater distance but stronger as distance lessens. Gravity smoothly and slowly curves into the Weak Force which suddenly steepens into the Strong Force. A gluon fabric would, thus, seem to enable the unification of Gravity, the Weak Force, and the Strong Force. Minor dips in the gluon fabric would be deemed "gravitational". Moderate pockets in the gluon fabric would exhibit qualities of the Weak Force. And deep pockets in the fabric would require escape velocities too extreme to be normally found except in beta decay when particles breakdown and fly out of the pockets.

The initial weakness of the "dual-wave & gluon fabric" approach is in regards to the already accepted belief of a dual wave with one being the "electric" and the other being the "magnetic". With two waves entwined yet spiraling at different speeds, the magnetic factor would need to be included in the two waves (like a core as in the twisted wire with a copper core wrapped in insulation):



The motion of one spiral in regards to the other might effect the magnetic polarity. As one spiral approaches a peak (minimum relative angle), one polarity would be exhibited. As the spiral passes into the next "trough", the opposite polarity may take effect. In any case, this is a serious defect which needs to be resolved.

Further, the accepted topography of electromagnetic radiation such as with light polarization seems conflicting. However, linear polarization is deemed a special case of circular polarization, and a circular dynamic seems more consistent with other facets of our known universe. Though a "yo-yo" dynamic for light is certainly possible (and a cherished belief), is it the only possible interpretation? One issue is: What limits the amplitude? Does it "bounce off of a ceiling"? Or is tied on a "bungee cord" of sorts bouncing to and fro? A different approach using an "orbital dynamic" is more appealing, I believe, such as with the "twisted pair wire" analogy. With an orbital dynamic, the components would portray a constant circular motion (a spiral or "coil") which conforms to the belief that electromagnetic radiation has "spin".

In any case, inclusion of a more detailed and robust explanation of known electromagnetic qualities is needed for the "dual-wave & gluon fabric" approach to survive. Nevertheless, the "dual-wave & gluon fabric" approach brings hope for a simpler and stronger unification of physics as well as the elimination of facets that seem to be hopelessly elusive (Higgs Bosons and Gravitons).

[PoPpAScience]

Great post JAK, lots to contemplate on. Thanks for the new word I can not say, 'Quintessence'.

Dark Fluid(FS) is the Quintessence of Dark Energy and Dark Matter.

The question is, does Dark Fluid have to be in Form(gluon), or just IS?

Dark Fluid attenuated(thinned), and compressed(coagulation) are words I would use personally.