Being a fan of weather phenomena, I have "vortex" flitting about the periphery of my mind just as PoPpAScience (Allen) does. And Einstein's curvature of space is there, too. I've tried to bring them together with the idea of Time Cones.
To graphically orient you, look at this 2D photo of a tube:
Though the photo shows both ends of the tube, we intuitively know that the smaller opening in the center is farther away than the near one. However, 2-dimensionally, they are the same distance away (as close as your screen).
Now, imagine a glowing ball rolling around the rim of the tube closest to you - the outermost circle. Next, imagine another glowing ball rolling around the bottom of the tube - the inner circle. From a 2D perspective, it would seem that the outer ball is circling the inner ball. Further, all of the action is happening in the same plane.
Time Cones requires a similar feat of the imagination. However, instead of the 3rd dimension being depth, we replace it with Time. Suddenly, from our 2D perspective, the circling balls still appear in the same 2D plane, but intuitively, we know that the inner circle is farther away.
Add our 3rd spatial dimension again, and you have the 4D Time Cones. The more 'massive" the matter, the farther down the tube of time it exists. The closer to the top, the less massive. Further, the closer to the top, the less energy required to dislodge it from the tube. The deeper in the tube, the more energy required to bring it to the top. As a result, depth in the Time Tube appears as a stronger force holding it together. Here is a graphic to assist in understanding.
As an example, an electron is more massive than a proton, so it spins near the top of the tube while the protons spin at the bottom - farther away. Their relative depth determines the degree of mass. More massive objects spin deeper in the tube.
We don't see curvature in space since sight is part of the 3D model, but we sense it through gravitational lensing. And that lensing is spherical in nature. No matter where the photons originate, when they hit the lensing object, they curve around it (see http://leo.astronomy.cz/grlens/grl13.html).
With curvature, the lensing object can be looked upon as either a "bulge" or a "pit". Intuitively, we like to think of it as a bulge since light seems to go around lensing objects. But if we take the approach of a "pit", then "time cones" emerge.
ADVANTAGE: time cones offer the ability to unify gravity, the weak force, and the strong force into one feature as well eliminating a number of theoretical particles designed to support "attraction" (gluons, gravitons, etc.).
The underlying principle is that there are 2 types of systems: systems built upon attractive forces and systems built upon restrictive forces. Today's physics focuses on the former, and Time Cones/Time Tubes focuses on the latter using an aether as the constrictive force.


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