truth of intrinsic spin

[AntonioLao]

Ernst Mach (1838-1916) is noted for his principle of 1870. Some relevant discussions can be found on page 288 of the 6th English edition of his book: The Science of Mechanics: A Critical and Historical Account of its Development first published in 1893. Nowadays, discussions of Mach’s principle can hardly be found in most physics textbooks. It is not found in the Feynman Lectures on Physics, I, II, or III. However, the historical important cannot be lightly ignored. On the contrary, it needs physicists to take another hard look for its fundamental implication. This principle states that inertia of a material thing is attributed to its interactions with all the rest of material things of the universe, near or far, moving or not, constant speed or accelerating, such that a body in perfect physical isolation (deem practically impossible) would have zero inertia. Furthermore, the inertial mass is simply a statement of Newton’s first law of motion, which is a restatement of Galileo’s principle of inertia. On the other hand, Einstein’s principle of equivalence states that inertial mass is the same as the gravitational mass. However, gravitational mass is attributed to the independence of centripetal acceleration, which can be called the absolute acceleration. Without the luxury of experimental proofs, the mass independence of absolution acceleration is equivalent to the property of intrinsic spin of elementary particles.

Since spin is a quantum mechanical property, like spin, absolute acceleration is quantized as well. It is topologically non-orientable. Its transformation is given by the Hopf-Möbius doubly linked configurations that are easily described using square symmetric Hadamard matrices. Furthermore, analogous to the mechanical advantage of simple machines, the quantum mechanical advantage allows spins to take values of 0, ½, 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2, 3, 7/2, 4, 9/2, etc. But the frugality and efficiency of Nature frequently follow a selection rule for choosing the first three values. The first value of zero is almost always chosen by scalar bosons, the second by all fermions, and the third by all vector bosons.