[AntonioLao]

The catastrophic effect of burning hydrogen gas was witnessed by the befallen disaster of the airship ‘Hindenburg’ in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster. However, the products of the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are just plain ordinary water molecules.

In physical chemistry, the technical process of oxidation that is the reaction of any other molecules with oxygen molecules is known in layman term as ‘burning’. Another example of a slow burning is the reaction of the metal iron with oxygen forming iron oxides commonly known as the observed rusting reddish residues during the Iron Age of human civilization before 1000 B. C. in western Asia and Egypt. Nevertheless, all these burning processes are examples of energy released by electron sharing between atomic configurations which keep the nuclei intact. In true and complete hydrogen burning, first of all, the electrons are stripped off their attractive energy barrier forming neutral configuration of independent dynamic patterns of positive and negative charged particles in random chaotic motion known as the 4th state of matter called plasma. At the plasma state, the independent nuclei are more likely to get close to each other effecting nuclear fusion forming heavier nuclei of helium or even much heavier ones depending on the temperature thresholds of the particular thermonuclear fusion reaction.

[mkirkpatrick]

Thanks Antonio,you mention the fourth state of matter as being plasma,I have seen also
references to a fifth state called beam,what do you think of this?



regards michael.

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by mkirkpatrick a fifth state called beam

This must be the absolutely coherent QASER beam, LASER beam or MASER beam that could not be created artificially.

[mkirkpatrick]

Originally Posted by AntonioLao This must be the absolutely coherent QASER beam, LASER beam or MASER beam that could not be created artificially.

What about occuring naturally?


regards michael

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by mkirkpatrick What about occuring naturally?

As bosons, photons by their very nature refuse to come together even though doing so is not forbidden by the principle of superposition. For fermions, nature forbids superposition yet they eagerly wanted to form atoms.

[dleviwing]

Coherent radiation is used to bring a collection of fermions to the same quantum state that allows them to bond. This forms a Bose Einstein condensate. I would say this is the fifth state of matter.

[mkirkpatrick]

Originally Posted by AntonioLao As bosons, photons by their very nature refuse to come together even though doing so is not forbidden by the principle of superposition. For fermions, nature forbids superposition yet they eagerly wanted to form atoms.

What then would be needed to enable bonding to occur,a fusion-reactor?



regards michael.

[mkirkpatrick]

Originally Posted by dleviwing Coherent radiation is used to bring a collection of fermions to the same quantum state that allows them to bond. This forms a Bose Einstein condensate. I would say this is the fifth state of matter.

That sounds really interesting Dave,have you a link that I could use to read up on this?




regards michael.

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by mkirkpatrick What then would be needed to enable bonding to occur

Reaching the 4th state of extremely high temperature plasma. At ITER, they have reached temperature hotter than the interior of the sun but still no bonding. Why? One problem is that they could not reach critical density at that temperature.

[dleviwing]

Originally Posted by mkirkpatrick That sounds really interesting Dave,have you a link that I could use to read up on this? regards michael.

Michael;
You can find many more links if you use your browser, but these should give you an idea of the difference between high temperature plasma state of matter and the low temperature condensate state of matter. Laser cooling is used to achieve the quantum state of a condensate. Have fun.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermionic_condensate
http://www.physicspost.com/science-article-190.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose-Einstein_condensate
http://physics.about.com/od/glossary/g/boseeinstcond.htm
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/bec/
http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines/e11/86/bose.html