The Principle of Equivalence circa 1908 via Einstein clearly stated the equality of inertial acceleration and universal gravitation. This means that inertial mass is the same as gravitational mass. The first to notice, Galileo discovered in the 16th century that the rates of free falling bodies are mass independence; the demonstration at the leaning tower of Pisa (actually happened or not is of no consequence). Moreover, these rates are equal at the same isobaric potential. Later, Huygens improved Galileo’s experiments. Then Newton tested the possibility of mass dependence using various pendulum lengths but failed. His results were verified by Bessel. Still mass independence was upheld. Then, Eötvös using an ingenious torsion balance sealed the coffin of mass dependence. Later improved experiments by Dicke and others came to the same conclusion about universal mass independence, locally and globally. Reference: Steven Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology - Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity, Wiley, 1972.
The local effect of mass independence is the creation of quasi-particles called acgrons. The global effect of mass independence is the creation of quasi-particles called gracons. Within certain levels of existence (LOEs), the acgrons became commonly known as atoms and molecules and the gracons became commonly known as stars and galaxies.


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