'Particles' are dismissed: for lack of evidence.

[dleviwing]

I think isomers are a better analogy here.

Some units of matter have surfaces but are more analogous to soap bubbles that to particles; even these are considered particles by the particle physicists regardless of their short lifespan.

[Lloyd Gillespie]

A definition: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_state nuclear isomer...

A couple interesting links: http://arxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0509/0509487.pdf
SPIRAL GALAXIES AS CHIRAL OBJECTS?

http://arxiv.org/ftp/physics/papers/0411/0411072.pdf

Quantum Mechanical Considerations on Algebraic Structure of
Central Molecular Chirality

[dleviwing]

A definition: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_state nuclear isomer...

Isomeric:
Physics: Any of two or more nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number that have different radioactive properties and can exist in any of several energy states for a measurable period of time.

[Lloyd Gillespie]

I'm interested in the chirality of nuclear and chemical isomers David, and their related universal and quantum wave motions. Check out the links above...

Lloyd

[RascalPuff]

I think isomers are a better analogy here.

Some units of matter have surfaces but are more analogous to soap bubbles that to particles; even these are considered particles by the particle physicists regardless of their short lifespan.

Particle physicists 'consider' a lot of the entities they work with to be 'particles'. When they find an entity that has field and wave characteristics, the vocabulary of particle remains. 'Soap bubbles' only appear to have surfaces.


When an entity appears and disappears - with a half life of fractions of nano, micro and picoseconds - it is called a particle - the proprietary word of particle physicists. Shop talk.


While the question remains: What units of matter have 'surfaces' in accordance with the definition of - in absentia wave and/or field - discontinuity from surrounding space?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons. A nuclear isomer occupies a higher energy state than the corresponding non-excited nucleus, called the ground state. The nuclear isomer will sooner or later release the extra energy and decay into the ground state.
Contents

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• <LI class=toclevel-1>1 Metastable isomers <LI class=toclevel-1>2 Nearly-stable isomers <LI class=toclevel-1>3 Applications <LI class=toclevel-1>4 Decay processes <LI class=toclevel-1>5 See also <LI class=toclevel-1>6 References
• 7 External links

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[edit] Metastable isomers

Metastable isomers can be produced through nuclear fusion or other nuclear reactions. A nucleus thus produced generally starts its existence in an excited state that de-excites through the emission of one or more gamma rays (or, equivalently, conversion electrons), usually in a time far shorter than a picosecond. However, sometimes it happens that the de-excitation does not proceed rapidly all the way to the nuclear ground state. This usually occurs because of the formation of an intermediate excited state with a spin far different from that of the ground state. Gamma-ray emission is far slower (is "hindered") if the spin of the post-emission state is very different from that of the emitting state, particularly if the excitation energy is low, than if the two states are of similar spin. The excited state in this situation is therefore a good candidate to be metastable, if there are no other states of intermediate spin with excitation energies less than that of the metastable state.
Metastable isomers of a particular isotope are usually designated with an "m" (or, in the case of isotopes with more than one isomer, m2, m3, and so on). This designation is usually placed after the atomic symbol and number of the atom (e.g., Co-58m), but is sometimes placed as a superscript before (e.g., 58mCo). Increasing indices, m, m2, etc. correlate with increasing levels of excitation energy stored in each of the isomeric states (e.g., Hf-177m2 or 177m2Hf).
A different kind of metastable nuclear state (isomer) is the fission isomer or shape isomer. Most actinide nuclei, in their ground states, are not spherical, but rather spheroidal -- specifically, prolate, with an axis of symmetry longer than the other axes (similar to an American football or rugby ball, although with a less pronounced departure from spherical symmetry). In some of these, quantum-mechanical states can exist in which the distribution of protons and neutrons is farther yet from spherical (in fact, about as non-spherical as a American football), so much so that de-excitation to the nuclear ground state is strongly hindered. In general these states either de-excite to the ground state (albeit far more slowly than a "usual" excited state) or undergo spontaneous fission with half lives of the order of nanoseconds or microseconds -- a very short time, but many orders of magnitude longer than the half life of a more usual nuclear excited state. Fission isomers are usually denoted with a postscript or superscript "f" rather than "m," so that a fission isomer in e.g. plutonium 240 is denoted Pu-240f or 240fPu.
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An acquaintance recently and flippantly dubbed the issued 'particle', as 'Elvis', commenting on how he's frequently observed at various locations (pumping gas in a Nevada filling station?)... Adding that in this case, when he appears for an autograph or signature session, he abruptly leaves the building.

"All things originate in waves and fields, and waves and fields come out of all things?" - Paraphrased

Best regards,
- RP

[dleviwing]

Shop talk is a good way to put it RP. Just as doctors, lawyers, and politicians have their own jargon so do scientist. It would be easier and cheaper if everyone would use the same definitions for commonly used words. Even Feynman asked why scientist made what everyone else accepts as simple and turn it into something complex. He was referring to time but particle is the same enigma.

[RascalPuff]

Shop talk is a good way to put it RP. Just as doctors, lawyers, and politicians have their own jargon so do scientist. It would be easier and cheaper if everyone would use the same definitions for commonly used words. Even Feynman asked why scientist made what everyone else accepts as simple and turn it into something complex. He was referring to time but particle is the same enigma.

Dear Dave:

Couldn't have said it better myself.
(What Dave said.)

Best regards,
- RP