Hi Graybeard and all,
The reason why an electromagnetic force can both be atractive and repulsive is that the electromagnetic force forms a magnetic field in which the electromagnetic force moves at the speed of light. If the electromagnetic force can move in one direction it can join another electromagnet field moving in the same direction. However, when the electromagnetic field encounters another electromagnetic field moving in the opposite direction, the two magnetic fields become repulsive.
The force of gravity also forms a field of gravity but all fields of gravity just attract, or is a force that attracts any other field of gravity. Thus two particles, each of which has its own gravitational field, always attract each other.
Since, however, the electromagnetic force is relatively much greater than the force of gravity, the electromagnetic force dominates or rules over the gravitational force. Thus in an atom, the electromagnetic froces are much more active than the forces of gravity.
Yours Cosvis.


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