From studies of algebraic topology, holes are found by using shrinking loops. Given two loops in n-space, they are homotopic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy) if one loop can be deformed continuously into the other inside (n-1)-space. For 4 dimensional spacetime, it is just 3D space without the time parameter. This obviously suggests that quantum loops are timeless and that for every pair of timeless loops, a single hole exists. Furthermore, if these loops are imbued with directional properties two distinct holes can be described easily using Hadamard matrices.


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