A consequence of QCD hypothesized that isolated quarks can never bee observed. This is called quark confinement. Although strongly supported in theory and practice, a complete mathematical proof remains elusive even with the help of asymptotic freedom and index theorem. Now, to suggest a different hypothesis, it would be a Zero-point Energy N-time Degeneracy Anomaly (ZENDA). Quarks are therefore prisoners of this quantum anomaly.
The uncertainty principle forbids all zero-point energies with values of zero. Therefore finite n times equal divisions of this nonzero value remain nonzero but each successive divisions make the next ones smaller by halves. Since all halves are equal an infinitely countable states of quantum degeneracy are reached. Classically, as n approaches infinity the zero-point energy should approach the limit of zero yet quantum field does not allow this classical symmetry to occur. On the contrary quantum field makes spontaneous symmetry breaking more and more prominent as n approaches infinity. What becomes apparent is a singular directional invariance for field materialization to take effect. This singular property in the mainstream physics parlance is called a gluon. However, it is not a point but a pointer (look for similar usage in computer science). This pointer exclusively takes real number values of 1 and -1. Grouping 1’s and -1’s forms Hadamard matrices with Abelian addition and Abelian multiplication. In contrast to QED and QCD, the former is based on Abelian gauge group symmetry while the latter is based on non-Abelian gauge group symmetry.


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