mass credit shortfall

[AntonioLao]

Pieces of exotic matter which could account for a large percentage of the missing mass of the universe are called WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles). Together with MACHOs (massive compact halo objects), they are dark matter that can provide a good explanation for 30% cosmic mass credit shortfall. It is a consensus among astronomers and cosmologists that ordinary visible matter can account only 5% and the remaining 65% must be accounted by taking dark energy (vacuum energy) into the universal mass-energy equations. These equations are simply Einstein field equations with the added free parameter of the cosmological constant.

In order to derive mass from this cosmological constant (L) it must be multiplied by a space-time metric tensor (g). The tensor product becomes the energy-momentum tensor (T). Then finally it must be divided by the square of vacuum speed of light (c²) to become pure mass. This does not happen because all the above mentioned tensors are of different ranks. If these are matrices then different ranks would be the same as having different order. A 2 by 2 matrix has order 4. A 3 y 3 matrix has order 9. A 4 by 4 matrix has order 16. These indicate clearly that the order of a matrix is the same as the number of elements inside the matrix. If there are more zero elements in the matrix then there is a serious mass credit shortfall.

[Profpat]

Hi Antonio;

Is it possibe to visualize what energy looks like? Since at the speed of light everything becomes totally flat, would it be like a giant pancake , or circle if you will? Given an area for a circle = pi r2, and E = mc2.

[AntonioLao]

pure energy as photons allow us to see the pancake. Since light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, it has small energy when its wavelength is long and it has big energy when its wavelength is short. Example for the former are radio waves, for the latter are x-rays and gamma rays.

[Profpat]

Thanks Antonio, are you able to describe a vision of what energy would look like if we could see it?

[AntonioLao]

Squares of energy can be described by using Hadamard matrices and that photon as a unit of energy is just 4H-plus and 4H-minus. Each H plus or minus is just a unit of square of energy. Their geometric equivalent is that of Moebious bands of single or double twists.

[Profpat]

Like this?

[AntonioLao]

make one and try to cut it into 3 equal bands and get a surprise.

[Profpat]

make one and try to cut it into 3 equal bands and get a surprise.

I've tried a double but never a triple. I'll try to cut one. Strip that is.

[AntonioLao]

triple is just as easy to cut as a double for all single twisted strips.

[Profpat]

triple is just as easy to cut as a double for all single twisted strips.

Ok Today I'll try it.I think maybe I did though. Is that where you get a mobius hanging from the double mobius?