[AntonioLao]

In arithmetic minus means subtract plus means add. Together with multiply and divide they comprise the 4 basic operations of mathematics. Interestingly, in computer science programming only the operation is addition is sufficient. The others can be derived from it. In set theory plus and minus become conceptually complicated. Although plus is almost equivalent to the concept of union (È), the minus is not equivalent to the concept of intersection (Ç). Therefore, both plus and minus are meaningless in formal set theory. Wherever and whenever something does not add up it really means that something cannot be taken away or ignored, if plus is exactly the same as union then the outcome is Cantor’s paradox.

This paradox is based on the naïve assumption that there is an all-inclusive infinite set, a set containing all sets. If this is the case then every subset would be a member. However, the set of all subsets is accountably greater than the enumerable all-inclusive set itself which means that the sum of its parts is greater than the whole. On the other hand, the philosophy of holism asserts the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts while reductionism asserts that the whole can be understood in terms of its parts.

Unfortunately, applying both holism and reductionism separately failed to describe the whole universe. General relativity uses the holistic approach while quantum mechanics uses the reductionist approach. Holism relies on the restrictive validity of the Hamiltonian additive formalism for a defined isolated system while reductionism on Lagrangian subtractive formalism. Their product would give a Hadamard matrix formalism of squares of energy if and only if wherever and whenever if the Lagrangian is given by (A-B) and the Hamiltonian is given by (A+B) such that their product: (A-B)(A+B)=A²-B²=0 if and only if A=B. Both A and B have units of energy. In classical mechanics, A² is the kinetic energy B² is the potential energy. In the physics of fields and particles A² is the field energy and B² is the particle energy. In the physics of quantum of space-time A² and B² are distinct square symmetric singular Hadamard matrices.