In the study of infinite series which are essential for studying the calculus, a long standing problem has been the summation of integer powers of the reciprocals of the positive integers known in general as harmonic series. For the special case where the integer power is unity the series is given by 1+½+1/3+¼+1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8+… More than 2300 years ago Aristotle believed it has a finite sum without knowing how to present a proof.
Eventually, this was proved in the year 1350, to be unbounded and without a limit, its sum diverges to infinity, by the medieval French mathematician and philosopher Nicole Oresme (1320-82). His simple proof was to group the series into its partial sums starting with (1/3+1/4), (1/5+1/6+1/7+1/, etc. and then replacing every term of every group by the smallest term in each group: (1/4+1/4) and (1/8+1/8+1/8+1/
, etc. and by inspection it is easily noted that each of these partial sums adds up to ½ and 2 partial sums equal unity and infinite unities become an harmonic infinity. Consequently, the original bigger series must also sum to infinity. However, if the integer power is greater than unity, say 2 then the series is given by 1+1/2+1/3+1/4+1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8+…or equivalently 1+1/4+1/9+1/16+1/25+1/36+1/49+1/64+…and in 1743 it was proved by Euler (1707-83) to converge to the finite sum p/6. In general, all harmonic series with integer power greater than unity converge to a finite sum. For power 4, the sum is p/90. For power 6, the sum is pp/945.


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