For free particle radiation quantum field (QF) relativistic equations, their amplitude solutions have the form exp(-ip×x) and exp(+ip×x) where i is the imaginary unity and the linear momentum function p is a tensor in 4D, a vector in 3D, 2D, and a spinor in 1D, but becomes a scalar in 0D (zero dimension). Likewise, the position function x is a tensor in 4D, position vector in 3D, 2D, and a spinor in 1D. It becomes the null vector in 0D. These 2 amplitude solutions practically replaced the separated eigenvector wave functions f and y of nonrelativistic Schrödinger’s quantum wave mechanics (QM). Moreover, the scalar inner dot product p×x always satisfies the uncertainty principle of QM: p×x³ħ where ħ is Dirac’s constant or equivalently Planck’s constant of action divided by 2p.
The QF solutions exp(-ip×x) and exp(+ip×x) become exp(-iET) and exp(+iET) where and when p×x is replaced by its alternative uncertainty expression for total energy E and total time interval parameter T between the initial and final state of a particular interaction. For the case of the quantum electromagnetic field of radiation of photons, the amplitude solution exp(-iET) corresponds to incoming photons of absorption while exp(+iET) corresponds to outgoing photons of emission. As unitary operators, exp(-iET) is equivalent to the y-loop Hadamard operator and exp(+iET) is equivalent to the Y-loop Hadamard operator of squares of energy as real conjugate product of the real Lagrangian and the real Hamiltonian energy functions.


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