The derivatives as defined in the infinitesimal calculi of integration and differentiation allow the test for perpendicularity or orthogonality of two functions intersecting at a particular point in space and time. This particular test can be called the biortho test, the binary multiplication of a pair of derivatives at a particular instant. If these derivatives have values of either zero or infinity then the tests fail. But any value between negative infinity and positive infinity excluding the middle value of zero will always work if and only if the product is negative unity.
As an example: two linear functions are given as y=x/3+4 and y=-3x-3 whose respective derivatives are: dy/dx=1/3 and dy/dx=-3 and their product is (1/3)(-3) = -1, the negative unity. Therefore, these two linear functions are said to be orthogonal on the x-y plane. Similarly, the linear functions z=-x/3+1 and z=3x+2 are said to be orthogonal in the x-z plane and y=-5z-4 and y=z/5-4 are said to be orthogonal in the y-z plane. Nonetheless, three planes: x-y,x-z, and y-z are sufficient and necessary for spanning or describing a point in three dimensions. For describing a point in four dimensions then there are 3 more planes needed namely: x-t,z-t, and y-t, where t signifies the time axis. A total of six planes are needed for spanning the orthogonality of space and time. However, if time is in the infinitesimal neighborhood of zero then 3 infinitesimal space planes: x-y,x-z, and y-z are all but sufficient to completely span the infinitesimal local motion of space-time.


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