In the branch of mathematics known as plane Euclidean geometry, there is a lesser known theorem of convex polygon. It says that the sum of exterior angles always add up to 360°. On the other hand, the sum of interior angles increases as the number of sides increases.
For a triangle or 3-gon, the sum of interior angles is 180°. Its exterior angles sum is 360°. For a square or 4-gon, interior sum is 360°; exterior sum is also 360°. For a pentagon or 5-gon, interior sum is 540°, exterior sum is 360°. For a hexagon or 6-gon, interior sum is 720°; exterior sum is still 360°. For a 1002-gon, interior sum is 180000° but its exterior sum remains 360°. A simple proof of this theorem is simply to choose an arbitrary point inside the polygon and construct line segments from this chosen point to all vertices. The result is equal number of triangles to equal number of sides to equal number of straight angles to equal number of pairs of supplementary angles. If n represents the number of sides then the interior angles sum is given by the simple formula 180°(n-2). In the event that n approaches infinity, a regular convex polygon approaches the shape of a circle but its interior angles sum becomes unbounded or of infinite measure, while its exterior angles sum remains 360°.However, the measure of each exterior angle for a regular convex polygon as n approaches infinity is 0°, implying that adding infinite number of 0° is equal to 360°. This is a topological mystery remains to be solved and can be used to elucidate the gauge invariance phase factors of wavefunctions.


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