A direct quote of the English translations of Chapter III, Page 62, Volume 4, 2nd Edition, Quantum Electrodynamics, Course of Theoretical Physics by Landau and Liftshitz, Institute of Physical Problems, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Reed Educational and Professional Publishing 1982:
In the non-relativistic theory, a particle with arbitrary spin s is described by a quantity with 2s+1 components, a symmetrical spinor of rank 2s. These quantities are, mathematically, realizations of the irreducible representations of the spatial rotation group.
In the relativistic theory, this group is only a subgroup of the wider group of four-dimensional rotations, the Lorentz group. It is therefore necessary to develop the theory of four-dimensional spinors (4-spinors), as quantities which are realizations of the irreducible representations of the Lorentz group.
Rigorous discussions of this Lorentz group can be found in Michio Kaku’s Quantum Field Theory: A Modern Introduction, Oxford University Press, 1993 and the English translations of Sin-Itiro Tomonaga: The Story of Spin, University of Chicago Press, 1997. Interestingly, the form of this Lorentz group is simply a 4 by 4 matrix operator with complex imaginary elements and these matrices would include Dirac matrices (with Pauli matrices as subgroups) and the metric tensor of general relativity. Few people would agree of their equivalence but most would agree of their similarity, although the squares of these matrices all become the identity matrix of the same order and dimensions. Consequently, none of these matrices can be transformed by diagonalization into the degenerate 4 by 4 Hadamard matrices with zero determinants. However, a 4 by 4 Hadamard matrix is a supergroup of the 2 by 2 Hadamard matrix embedded in a sieve of Diophantus, describing the relativistic spin of the quanta of the spacetime continuum as squares of absolute energy or zero-point energy of the quantum vacuum fluctuations.


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