According to Nobel Laureate Martinus Veltman, any Feynman diagram does not describe physical directions of elementary particle interactions. In these diagrams particles are represented by lines. These can be thick, thin, bold, heavy, or wiggly and loopy. On the other hand, the interaction itself is represented by a vertex where and when lines meet. The loop is especially descriptive for virtual particles. Furthermore any of the infinite points on the loop can serve as a new vertex and only a Feynman loop can hope to properly describe an electromagnetic light or photons scattering. However, the spin of every photon is assumed not described in a given Feynman diagram. In QED, the interactions of spin-1/2 leptons and spin-1 photons have been well established since the 1960s. Incidentally, it contributed tremendously to the successes of the Standard Model of elementary particles interactions, for both QED and QCD. Also, it can be stated that superstring theories owed their origins from the linear representations of elementary particles found in all Feynman diagrams. Nonetheless, the billion dollars question is whether non-directed lines and loops can correctly represent the directional intrinsic property of quantized spins.
Around 1959 the Italian physicist Tullio Regge theorized the linear hadronic relationship wherever and whenever spin is plotted against the square of mass. These Regge trajectories seem to gather along perfect straight lines of positive slopes. However, the x and y or spin and mass square intercepts cannot both be zero. For some researchers, Regge poles with their associated scattering probabilities would overtake any quantum field theory, eventually; foresee the reign of nuclear democracy which no elementary particles is fundamental relative to one another (a brief discussion can be found in R. P. Crease and C. C. Mann’s The Second Creation, page 294). This idea is certainly contrary to the absoluteness of scalar Higgs boson (spin-0), magnetic monopole (spin-???), and graviton (spin-2). Although many believed that Regge pole theory is necessary to describe much higher energy interactions, a robust higher spin theory still does not exist. Consequently, experimental verifications are also non-existence at the present time. Theoretically, an option exists since square of mass is equivalent to the square of energy and the latter can formulate a theory of quantized space-time using the algebra of Hadamard matrices.


LinkBack URL
About LinkBacks
Reply With Quote

