two proofs of zero drag

[AntonioLao]

In December 1957 a paper submitted to the Physical Review journal was published under the simple title “Theory of Superconductivity.” The three authors were J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, all from the Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. This paper provided the first proof of zero electrical resistance in 26 metallic elements and many alloys and compounds. Although superconductivity as a physical phenomenon was first observed by Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911, it was not until the advent of quantum mechanics in the 30’s that later theorists were able to give convincing explanations based on the transformations of antisymmetric wavefunctions into symmetric wavefunctions or changing quantum states of fermions into quantum states of bosons. Wherever and whenever electrons become Cooper pairs they act as Bose-Einstein condensates and easily move through the crystal lattices of conductors without losing energy in the form of heat.

However, at high temperatures, the forces that bound the Cooper pairs were overtaken by the forces of thermal vibrations of the crystal lattices. Consequently, the superconducting states disappear. Fortunately, in the 80’s certain types of ceramic materials were found to be superconducting at much higher temperatures. Nonetheless, these newly discovered high temperature superconductivities await the next theoretical enlightenments for providing the second proof of zero drag. Whoever discovers the proof will certainly become the most famous and the richest person(s) on this planet. The temperature convergence of superconductivity might be the same as the temperature of cold fusion. Therefore, a subtle physical connection exists between them. Whoever finds one will also finds the other.

[SteveA]

An idea I had is that superconductors and superinsulators could be seen as flip sides to a flow of monopoles.

Imagine an electronic circuit with a switch to allow electricity to or to disconnect it (present a high impedance).

Now imagine one side of the battery of this is always emitting monopoles, but with the switch open the monopoles are being diverted into a lower resistance pathway.

When the switch is closed, the monopoles are accumulated on the "other side" of a battery until eventually a balance in potential is reached and monopoles are emitted by both equally and no differential flow occurs.

In this sense, a superconduction in one pathway creates the equivalent of a superinsulation to motion orthogonal to all the superconducting pathways.

All points in space could be tied by a single flow of monopoles and rotating/deflecting this flow, similar to a liquid and conduction or obstruction are determined in relative senses to each other. Notice that an observer always detects time at a constant rate, hence we have a conserved quantity and from there it's split into many forms as components or percentages of the total time, so we have a space of various densities summing to 100% of the monopole flow and conduction or impedance are determined by the relative ratios of this flow through any specific point in space.

Another side note: superconductivity is actually not directly measurable - we could energize some magnetic field using a superconductor, but it's only the non-superconducting components that are actually measured. It's assumed that energy was stored within it, but it's not directly measurable in a superconducting state (though that's from an external perspective that's assumed not to be within that superconducting state).

[AntonioLao]

a flow of monopoles

Electrons are the monopoles of the electric field. They are the workhorses of the modern age of electric power. On the other hand, magnetic monopoles would help create a modern age of magneto-levitation machineries which would include anti-gravity vehicles.