In 1988, Stephen W. Hawkings published A Brief History of Time. It was an instant bestseller. His successful marketing strategy was his decision not to put any mathematical equation in the book. For that, he was absolutely correct about the wants of the human psyche. Although, he did put in a very simple equation (on pages 20, 107, and 157), it was really the household equation that most people already knew. This is no other than Einstein’s �� = ����², the equation implying mass and energy equivalence. However, few people realized that this composite equation is really an approximation of the exact continuum equation using the binomial infinite power series expansion where and when the velocity factor is zero such that �� = ����² defines the rest energy of the test particle equivalent to its defined rest mass. Although absolute rest and motion cannot be measured or detected, rest energy and rest mass is implied by the compositeness of �� = ����² and for the sake of mathematical convenience the speed of light is normalized to unity: �� = 1 and the absolute compositeness of mass and energy is clearly indicated by the single identity �� ≡ ��. On the other hand, if the space-time continuum (��) is defined as the product of energy of lightspeed then �� = ���� and for �� = 1 then �� ≡ ��, giving the double identity of the space-time continuum, mass, and energy.

The above paragraph gave the summary of a brief history of compositeness. Unfortunately, the continuum of space-time is now lost. However, to recover continuity is simply to define the physical concept of a square of energy (��) such that �� = ��² and to redefine linear momentum (��) as �� divided by ��: �� = ��/�� = ��²/���� = ��/�� then �� = ��/�� defines the true momentum of light such that �� represents only its total relativistic energy, while its rest energy and rest mass are both zero. Again, if ��=1 then the outcome is the triple identity of momentum, space-time continuum, rest mass, and rest energy: �� ≡ �� ≡ �� ≡ ��. Surprisingly, since the rest mass of light is always zero the only solution of this triple identification is also zero and the title is changed to A Brief History of Zero.