questioning the first law

[AntonioLao]

No one seems to question the first law of thermodynamics. It states the conservation of mass and energy. It means that both the total mass and the total energy of an isolated thermodynamic system cannot be created or destroyed, cannot be subtracted or added. The amounts are true constant of the system although one form of mass or energy can be transformed into another form of mass or energy. This conservation law is valid in both quantum mechanics and quantum field theories as well as in classical mechanics.

[Bogie]

And rightfully so and for good reason since it serves as a commonality to all systems, something that can be used to evaluate and differentiate any two systems. A system has variable characteristics but all will act in accord with the first law. The second law describes the ultimate fate of all closed systems and so given the first law, the second law adds entropy to all closed systems. Without common agreement on these laws in the scientific community it would be impossible to quantitatively compare and evaluate different systems.

However, an infinite universe acts as a open system where entropy can be defeated by conditions that reverse the decline of useful energy in accord with processes that operate based on limits and thresholds of matter and energy, I bet .

[AntonioLao]

commonality to all systems

Most people tend to agree with you but for the sake of scientific growth and understanding, we need to be precise in our statement. The 4 laws of thermodynamics exclusively apply to isolated systems. An isolated system is defined as a system where both mass and energy do not cross the system boundary. Moreover, system boundary is properly defined by certain topologies. Topology is the abstraction of ordinary plane and solid geometry extended into multidimensional spacetime.