For ordinary electrically neutral atoms and molecules there are no free electrons, for example, as products of complete ionization. Looking at the physical arrangement of the periodic table of chemical elements, one can’t help but notice that the table is dominated by chemical elements that are classified as metals. Out of the 109 synthetic as well as natural occurring elements 85 are metals, 16 nonmetals, and 8 semimetals. Any synthesized elements beyond atomic number 109 remains as metal but with the possibility that elements 117 or 118 could be classified as semimetals or nonmetals. The mobile electrons found in the outermost energy levels are all located in the conduction band, which provides all metals to conduct electricity. In the event of complete ionization by energy absorption equal to the ionization potential specified for every element, the road to freedom for the conduction electrons is realized. The outcomes of this process are the free electrons.
For metallic deuterium atoms as the electrolyzed products of heavy water, they would still require further electrolysis to ionize them to reach the plasma state of positive cations of deuterons and negative anions of free electrons. In 1989, the cold fusions announced by Pons and Fleischmann never mention this final stage of ionization maybe because they were chemists rather than experimental physicists. Furthermore, they apparently took it for granted that the metal palladium they used in their simple experiments would take care of this crucial final ionization. Nonetheless, although the complete ionization of deuterium produces equal numbers of cations and anions giving a plasma state of zero net electric charge, the final stage of ionization requires at least additional multiples of 200 anions for every cation. The multiple of this particle ratio (200 to 1) is necessary for the onset of cold fusion. Likewise, instead of 200 electrons only 1 muon is needed per proton for cold fusion to occur, realizing the fact that the mass of 1 muon is equivalent to the mass of 200 electrons. However, from an engineering point of view, muon electrical currents are more expensive and complicated to produce. Equivalently, laser irradiation with multiple equivalent energies of 200 electrons can also produce cold fusion. Reciprocally, the multiple equivalent energies of phonons can also produce cold fusion. These reveal the secret of 201 space-time odyssey of borrowing energies from the quantum vacuum fluctuations.


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