adding temperature

[AntonioLao]

Since the dawn of civilization, at the epoch “fire” was discovered, science minded people begin to find ways to measure the “hotness” of “fire.” Along this endeavor, blacksmiths found that blue flame is very much hotter than red flame and a sword forged by blue flame became the toughest of many bladed weapons. The real reason only became known in 1900 during the beginning of the quantum revolution heralded by the molecular kinetic theory of heat. Before 1900 heat was hypothesized as a fluid that flows by conduction from one substance to another. Each fluid is calibrated using various scales of temperature. For the Fahrenheit scale at standard pressure of 1 atmosphere water boils at 212°F and freezes at 32°F. The healthy human body has a normal temperature of 98.6°F. Thereafter scientists begin to realize that adding temperature is physically impossible. For example, two healthy humans locked together never boil away as the combined temperature reaching 212°F. On the other hand, a large group of Emperor Penguins locking bodies together has survived subzero temperatures in the Antarctic for thousands of years.

The impossibility of adding temperature is a dilemma that succeeding scientists overcome by defining two more thermodynamics concepts: the enthalpy and the specific heat. There are many applied definitions of enthalpy and specific heat. As a form of energy, enthalpy has the same units, while the specific heat is a multiplicative constant specific for each substance with units of energy per unit mass and unit degree of temperature. If the specific heat is known for a given substance then its product with its temperature gives the amount of energy stored in the substance. Enthalpy can be added as well as subtracted. Extending this idea to the quantum vacuum fluctuations, since the cosmic background radiation has temperature of a few degrees kelvins, if the specific heat of the quantum vacuum can be determined then their product gives the stored energy of the vacuum, suggesting that the enthalpy of the vacuum is extractable!

[mkirkpatrick]

Two humans huddled together in freezing conditions will have a better chance at survival than just one,how much heat then do we need to add to secure cold fusion?


regards michael.

[AntonioLao]

how much heat then do we need to add to secure cold fusion?

Not much. Since cold fusion is fundamentally independent of the laws of thermodynamics, it can occur at any given temperature. The trick is to get the deuterons close enougn to initiate fusion. This closeness is described by a theory of relative proximity. A theory of proximity would make the law of gravity unnecessary.

[mkirkpatrick]

Not much. Since cold fusion is fundamentally independent of the laws of thermodynamics, it can occur at any given temperature. The trick is to get the deuterons close enougn to initiate fusion. This closeness is described by a theory of relative proximity. A theory of proximity would make the law of gravity unnecessary.

It seems we have the basic idea and the way cold fusion should work,the biggest obstacle seems to be in actually getting the mixture to fuse.What then is the main stumbling block?And can we soon remove it?

regards michael.

[AntonioLao]

The question can be answered if we find a way to control the repulsive force of two deuterons of equal electric charge. If we can make one into its opposite charge they would then attract each other.

[mkirkpatrick]

The question can be answered if we find a way to control the repulsive force of two deuterons of equal electric charge. If we can make one into its opposite charge they would then attract each other.

Well that sounds fairly straightforward but it can't be that easy or else it would have been done already.

regards michael.

[AntonioLao]

It is not even hard to break a magnet into two pieces but to put them back together the way it was is impossible. Try it and believe.

[mkirkpatrick]

It is not even hard to break a magnet into two pieces but to put them back together the way it was is impossible. Try it and believe.

I can well imagine the difficulty,We need to be able to imagine the solution,then with focussed intent go for it.


regards michael.

[AntonioLao]

FYI, astronomers in repeated efforts to construct more and more powerful optical refracting telescopes have realized that larger and larger lenses tend to get out of focus. One remedy is to use larger and larger reflecting telescope using concave mirrors instead of convex lenses. But the ultimate solution is provided by using a group of interferometers of radio telescopes. Using radio telescopes scientists hope to detect the very weak gravity waves of colliding universes.

[mkirkpatrick]

FYI, astronomers in repeated efforts to construct more and more powerful optical refracting telescopes have realized that larger and larger lenses tend to get out of focus. One remedy is to use larger and larger reflecting telescope using concave mirrors instead of convex lenses. But the ultimate solution is provided by using a group of interferometers of radio telescopes. Using radio telescopes scientists hope to detect the very weak gravity waves of colliding universes.

Yes I have been aware of this too,There is a lot of them in Peru high in the Andes I hear.

regards michael.