The internal energy of the vacuum can be expressed as the product of its specific heat capacity and the absolute temperature. This temperature is equivalent to the temperature of the cosmic background radiation of a few degrees kelvins. Since this temperature changes in a decreasing order for the history of the quantum vacuum, the vacuum specific heat capacity has also changed during the same period of time. In order for the internal energy to remain a constant, the vacuum specific heat capacity must change in an increasing order such that the product of temperature and specific heat is a constant through time. However, there exists a statistical deviation from the mean of this constant. This is manifested by the quantum vacuum fluctuations as observed by the quantum mechanics of high energy physics. The hypothesized extraction of vacuum energy must now become dependent on the physical existence of the vacuum specific heat capacity.
It is now generally agreed among physical scientists that the absolute zero of the thermodynamic temperature cannot be attained by any physical means. If this temperature is equivalent to the cosmic background temperature then it implies that the heat death of the universe could never occur in the distant future. It also means that with the certainty of changing vacuum specific heat capacity the internal energy of the vacuum cannot change in time. The existence of both matter and the first power of energy testify to the fact that vacuum specific heat capacity is allowed to change in space. This means that although the space-time continuum is homogeneous it cannot be isotropic at the infinitesimal region. It suggests that the space-time continuum can be quantized. This quantization can only be applied properly to the squares of the zero-point energies of the quantum vacuum fluctuations.


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