In 1989, the controversy found in Fleischmann-Pons fusion is its claim of a radioactiveless form of energy production. On the other hand, by conventional nuclear physics, the two radiative forms of nuclear reactions are: (1) deuterium plus deuterium give Helium-3 plus neutron, and (2) deuterium plus deuterium give tritium plus proton. The first has its radiation given off as fast (or slow) neutrons. The second has its radiation given off by radioisotope of hydrogen called tritium, which has a radioactive tendency of losing one of its two neutrons. However, by taking into consideration the idea of two electrons number balancing, the first reaction indicates both electrons capture by the Helium-3 since no free neutron can capture either one of the two electrons because of the inherent electric neutrality of the free neutron. This free neutron (fast or slow) can give off a 15-minute radiation by its decay into a proton, an electron, and an electron neutrino. Consequently, one proton and one electron can form one atom of ordinary hydrogen. The second reaction gives radioactive tritium and ordinary hydrogen with both products sharing one electron. This tritium product is capable of losing one of its two neutrons. This free neutron can then decay by the same process mentioned previously.
In contrast, the controversial Fleischmann-Pons fusion suggested the third kind of nuclear interaction by the following reaction that deuterium plus deuterium give Helium-4 plus excess energy. This excess energy has the probable expected value equivalent to the binding energy of an alpha particle. This is not a coincidence since like Helium-4; each alpha particle also has the same nucleon number: two protons and two neutrons. Again, by electron number balancing, it is very clear that Helium-4 captured both electrons and the excess energy is equivalent to the expected binding energy of an alpha particle given by experiments with the statistical value of 28.3 MeV. By a quantum theory of the space-time continuum, this value could be used to represent the maximum energy extractable from the quantum vacuum for each pair of deuterons for cold fusion.


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