Isospin is also called isotopic spin or isobaric spin in high energy physics of elementary particles. It is used to distinguish the different quantum states of hadrons, for example, between proton and neutron. This physical concept like the concept of electron spin is used by particle physicists to provide direction of intrinsic angular momentum of those elementary particles that can interact with each other by way of the strong nuclear force. Since strong force has three fundamental polarities called color and for lack of better descriptive words, these were simply called red, green, and blue. By these agreed descriptions, the direction of isospin becomes abstract. Beyond these abstract space-time domains all elementary particles are colorless and intrinsic directions are not distinguishable from themselves suggesting a new principle of directional invariance of physical reality.


Directed quantities, quantities with both magnitude and direction, are known as vectors, which are rank one tensors represented equally acceptable using column matrices or row matrices. Matrix multiplication is noncommutative; meaning that row multiplied by column is not equal to the same column multiplied by the same row. The first has a product of a scalar. The second has a product of a square matrix. On the other hand, by a quantum theory of the space-time continuum, intrinsic abstract directions of isospin can be represented using two distinctive topologies called the H-plus and the H-minus. By these, the proton is represented by 11 H-pluses and 5 H-minuses. The neutron is represented by 7 H-pluses and 7 H-minuses. Since H-plus has a space-time charge of +1/6 and H-minus has a space-time charge of -1/6, the net electric charge of proton is 1 and the net electric charge of neutron is zero. At the quark levels, an up quark has the dynamic geometry of an octahedron, while the down quark has the dynamic geometry of a tetrahedron. Each up quark is composed of 5 H-pluses and 1 H-minus giving a net electric charge of +2/3. The down quark is composed of 1 H-plus and 3 H-minuses giving a net electric charge of -1/3.