The discovery of spin (intrinsic angular momentum) of all elementary particles classified as fermions or bosons help to distinguish them apart from each other in addition to two other distinguishing factors of mass and charge (both electric and color charges). Still, theories of supersymmetry hope to find a higher dimensional physical symmetry that can help describe the dimensional invariance between them such that for every fermion there is an associated boson partner, vice versa. On the contrary, this supersymmetry can be found by lowering the dimensional numbers, say, from three to two, and then to one dimension. Since, clearly, the partial success of string theory was the dimensional increase of zero to one, the important dimension to work with is the one dimension of spacetime. This idea implies that four dimensional spacetime of both special and general relativity can be unified with the idea of quantum theory only at the one dimension of spacetime not at the highly publicized eleven dimensions of superstring theories.


The physical clue that this one dimensional description of spacetime is the general approach to the hope of ever finding a theory of everything is found by the unit of quantized spin. Values of spin are constrained to multiples of h/2p. The lowercase letter h is the symbol for Planck’s constant of action, which is by dimensional analysis fundamentally two-dimensional: the product of two conjugate variables (e.g. position and linear momentum or time and energy). The denominator of 2p implies a hidden unit circle such that unit spin can always be rationalized by the multiplicative factor of 2p/h, which is fractal dimension since 2p is one-dimensional. The hidden unit circle implies the existence of unit curvature with given radius of curvature exactly equal to the measured Planck length and a quantum of spacetime exists by p without circle.