why empty orbitals?

[AntonioLao]

Quantum mechanics (QM) predicts the existence of molecular orbitals (MO) for the formation of molecules by covalent bonds. These MOs (not modus operandi) are describable by QM as the superposition of wave functions from the individual atomic orbitals. However, when atomic orbitals are combined three distinct energy states emerged. Whose frequencies are |f1-f2|, |f1+f2|, and |f1|+|f2| satisfying the compound triangular inequality |f1-f2|≤|f1+f2|≤|f1|+|f2|. The mystery is why the MOs prefer the lower energy state rather than the higher energy states of anti-bonding molecular orbitals (ABMOs) having two lobes that are external to the space between the atomic orbitals. Since molecules always formed toward lower energy states, these ABMOs are always empty. These vacant ABMOs strongly suggest the existence of extra-molecular volumes between atoms, molecules, bulk matter, stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxy. This could even explain the quantum jumps within an atom. This quantum-mechanical emergence implies that the true vacuum is definitely at a higher energy level, which was originally suspected as having infinite energy without a theory to explain why. Therefore, the frequency of the global zero-point energy is then given by the sum of the absolute value of each frequency: f0=|f1|+|f2|+|f3|+…|f∞|. For a particular binary system, the local vacuum frequency is still given by |f1|+|f2|.

[michellemfry]

That is the best explanation and proof of the existence of space that I have been introduced to. Nice work.

[AntonioLao]

Michelle,

Thanks for your comment. But I'm still perplex why matter prefers states of low energy, while energy prefers higher states of energy or square of energy which is the same as quantized spacetime.

[michellemfry]

Unfortunately, I've never asked why. I've always accepted the facts as they were presented as why. Yet, I like the question. I believe there is an answer.
Perhaps higher energy states involved too much motion for bonding to occur, i.e.the orbitals kept missing the opportunity to bond. All this is speculation on my part.

[baudrunner]

A new thread titled Boson Space might interest you. In a response to David's thread I provide some coincidental ideas which might answer this question.

Think strings.

Higher energies are generated by higher frequencies. In order to establish a three dimensional framework for reality to exist space must first be defined and this represents the very first phase of "reality building", ie. the very first quantum threshold crossed represented by the composite wave occupying that band of the reality spectrum which establishes the homogeneous construct of bosons that is space-time, after which progressively lower frequencies representing more massive force and eventually matter particles are generated, possibly as subharmonics of that fundamental string frequency composite, but each occupying a unique niche in the cosmic scheme of things.

Acelleration provides empirical evidence that increasing mass slows time, and that is a principle of quantum dynamics.

[Guille]

Antonio,

Doesn't the triangular inequiality impply that the f1 and f2 come form different wavelengths because |f1+f2|=|f1|+|f2| is impplied if both frequencies come from the same origin?

[AntonioLao]

Doesn't the triangular inequiality impply that the f1 and f2 come form different wavelengths because |f1+f2|=|f1|+|f2| is impplied if both frequencies come from the same origin?

Good question. But I don't have a direct answer at this time. All I know is that the product of frequency and wavelength is a constant, the speed of light.

[Guille]

I believe matter tends to a lower energy state because it's lazy. NO, I'm joking. An equation I suddenly find to be oblight to hypothesized during my replacement of GR math made me derive that somehow there is a relationship between the duality electricity-magnetism and mass-energy, which is covalent to the relationship between electricity-magnetism and to the relationship mass-energy that is, they are respectivelly the same to a conditional. I have to find this conditional, and I could find an important thing: for then we could borrow some QED equations and complete the cycle: we would have an electromagnetogravitational force theory. Exactly what Einstein searched, with no need of inventing dimensions or other concepts.

[AntonioLao]

I have to find this conditional

The closest thing that I can think of is conditional probability and joint probability in Bayesian inferences http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_inference

[Guille]

The closest thing that I can think of is conditional probability and joint probability in Bayesian inferences http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_inference

What I meant is I have to find this conditional in nature, for between our human knowledge it doesn't yet exists (or maybe it does but we don't look at it in physics).

What I don't have a clue of how to explain is why energy does the opposite to matter: it goes to higher levels. Any clues?