soliton, fluxon, polaron, and bipolaron

[AntonioLao]

There are solitary waves in nature. In theory, it is plausible that the entire Universe is one solitary wave. At the smallest scale all elementary particles appear just solitary waves of different quantum fields.

Solitons, as what solitary waves are called were first noted by John Scott Russell in 1834, an engineer, while horseback riding along the bank of a narrow canal near Edinburgh. These solitons were formed from a boat coming to a sudden halt. The wakes travel as single humps not diminishing in speed for over 2 miles before got lost in the chase around the bend. Russell reported his repeated findings in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. About sixty years later, two Dutch physicists D.J. Korteweg and Hendrik de Vries formulated the nonlinear equation describing solitons. About another sixty years, Martin Kruskal proved the stability of solitons by computer simulations that they are indestructible. The outcomes are that solitons have been applied in modeling subatomic particles, energy transfer in the human nervous system similar to brain waves, fluxons of Josephson junctions, solarons of solid state physics, and bipolarons of high temperature superconductivity.

Solitons using nonlinear mathematics can be used to describe twists and kinks for topologies of space-time structures. Fortunately, the square of energy is quadratic. So, it can be implied that solitons are square of energy or could even be higher powers of energy.

[mkirkpatrick]

I agree with your statement Antonio,that it is plausible that the entire universe is one
solitary wave!A creational wave,life wave,thought wave,one wave that is infinitely steeped
down in vibrational pitch!Guided along a beam of wilful intent!



regards michael,

[jungjedi]

ive been looking up some terms like fluxon that i am not familiar with and something seemed very similiar.i have a sylvania tube amp and this is wikipedias definition of a vaccum tube
The simplest vacuum tubes resemble incandescent light bulbs in that they have a filament sealed in a glass envelope which has been evacuated of all air. When hot, the filament releases electrons into the vacuum: a process called thermionic emission. The resulting negatively-charged cloud of electrons is called a space charge. These electrons will be drawn to a metal "plate" inside the envelope if the plate (also called the anode) is positively charged relative to the filament (or cathode). The result is a current of electrons flowing from filament to plate. This cannot work in the reverse direction because the plate is not heated and cannot emit electrons. This very simple example described can thus be seen to operate as a diode: a device that conducts current only in one direction.
and also for rectifier
A rectifier is an electrical device, which converts alternating current to direct current, a process known as rectification. Rectifiers are used as components of power supplies and as detectors of radio signals. Rectifiers may be made of solid state diodes, vacuum tube diodes, mercury arc valves, and other technologies.
When just one diode is used to rectify AC (by blocking the negative or positive portion of the waveform) the difference between the term diode and the term rectifier is merely one of usage, e.g., the term rectifier describes a diode that is being used to convert AC to DC. Almost all rectifiers comprise a number of diodes in a specific arrangement for more efficiently converting AC to DC than is possible with just a single diode. Before the development of solid state rectifiers, vacuum tube diodes and copper oxide or selenium rectifier stacks were used.
Early radio receivers called crystal sets, used a "cat's whisker" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point contact rectifier or "crystal detector". In gas heating systems "flame rectification" can be used to detect a flame. Two metal electrodes in the outer layer of the flame provide a current path and rectification of an applied alternating voltage, but only while the flame is present.

[jungjedi]

and here is an example of what a fluxon is
We study stochastic transport of fluxons in superconductors by alternating current (AC) rectification. Our simulated system provides a fluxon pump, "lens", or fluxon "rectifier" because the applied electrical AC is transformed into a net DC motion of fluxons. Thermal fluctuations and the asymmetry of the ratchet channel walls induce this "diode" effect, which can have important applications in devices, like SQUID magnetometers, and for fluxon optics, including convex and concave fluxon lenses. Certain features are unique to this novel two-dimensional (2D) geometric pump, and different from the previously studied 1D ratchets.
and for a josephson junktion
cross-whiskers junction has been successfully discovered as a novel intrinsic Josephson junction without using any technique for micro-fabrication. Two Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ whisker crystals were placed crosswise on a MgO substrate and heated at 850 °C for 30 min. They were electrically connected at their c-planes. The measurement terminals were made at the four ends of the whiskers. The I-V characteristics of the cross-whiskers junction at 5 K were found to show a clear multiple-branch structure with a spacing of approximately 15 mV, which is a feature of an intrinsic Josephson junction. The critical current density JC was estimated to be 1170 A cm-2. The branch structure was strongly suppressed by a magnetic field above 1 kOe.

[theunify]

Microsoft invented that already, it's called XBOX.
Was the wave caused by the boat? Or did the boat come to a complete stop because of some unseen force much more powerful than the boat itself? Does this reveal the latent energy of E=Mc^2 is easier to harness than once previously thought, perhaps the waves are harnessing this energy in a way we do not fully understand.