What is electron wave - particle duality, could we understand it?

[vacuum-mechanics]

Dear Friends,

Next we will use our quantum vacuum mechanics theory to solve the problem in the conventional quantum mechanics theory, and the first example is the famous Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which state that “It is not possible to determine both the position and the momentum of a particle with unlimited precision”.

Once, R. P. Feynman has said that “the uncertainty principle protects quantum mechanics”!Heisenberg recognized that if it were possible to measure the momentum and the position simultaneously with a greater accuracy, the quantum mechanics would collapse. The only question is why it is so, or what is its mechanism?

To answer the question, we will startwith “wave packet” such as photonin classical mechanics, which is a portion of a continuous wave train as shown in the diagram of fig. 3 (a), then what we got is the relation between length x and wave number k is as (1) below.

∆x. ∆k ~ 1 …. (1), ∆k = (2¶/h) ∆p …. (2), ∆x. ∆p ≥ (2¶/h) ~ h …. (3)



Figure 3 Mechanism of the uncertainty principle

If we reduce ∆x then ∆k is increase, and in the reverse when we reduce ∆k then ∆x is increase. This means that we cannot determine both the position and the wave number of a wave packet with unlimited precision! So this istheuncertaintyprinciple in classical mechanics which is occurreddue tothe property of wave packet!

Now by apply the uncertainty relation of wave packet (1) to electron wave via “single-slit diffraction” experiment in the diagram 3 (b). Consider a beam of electrons of speed v pass through the slit and create diffraction pattern as shown. By relating the parameters; v, ∆v, ∆x and Ө. Together with de Broglie wavelength λ = h/p or (2), then what we get is ∆p.∆x ~ h. (3).

In conclusion, we could see that the uncertainty measurement of electron is due to the co-moving wave packet (of vacuum medium) created by the moving electrons. And the energy of the wave packet will guide the moving electrons forming to be the interference pattern. This is the mechanism of Heisenberg’suncertainty principle!

It is interesting to note that if there were no vacuum medium, then the moving electrons cannot create electron wave. So the moving electrons will go straight pass though the slit direct to screen and pile up as a smooth curve (due to statistical randomness, not interference) as shown at the top of the diagram 3 (b). So in principle, we can make a measurement of electron with unlimited precision!

Sincerely,
Nimit
-------------------
www.vacuum-mechanics.com .

[Hamid]

In the article titled “Against Wave-Particle Duality Concept” it has been claimed that the electron double-slit experiment strongly supports the only particle physics. As a matter of fact, the pattern of all kinds of double-slit experiment, especially those which have been carried out with single photons, electrons and atoms, has nothing to do with interference (addition or superposition) of two or more combining waves. The distribution of these particles is based on the New Probability Wave Function which for the first time was introduced in the article “Wave Function, Developed Gaussian Distribution”. This function could be used for a wide variety of purposes in quantum mechanics.

[vacuum-mechanics]

In the article titled “Against Wave-Particle Duality Concept” it has been claimed that the electron double-slit experiment strongly supports the only particle physics. As a matter of fact, the pattern of all kinds of double-slit experiment, especially those which have been carried out with single photons, electrons and atoms, has nothing to do with interference (addition or superposition) of two or more combining waves. The distribution of these particles is based on the New Probability Wave Function which for the first time was introduced in the article “Wave Function, Developed Gaussian Distribution”. This function could be used for a wide variety of purposes in quantum mechanics.

Dear Hamid,

Thanks for your information, I have take a look, anyway I have to confess that I am not so clear about your new idea.

One general comment from me is that if you want to propose new idea (especially one that contradicts to the contemporary physics), you should give more detail than what it was.

Cheer,
Nimit
-------------------
www.vacuum-mechanics.com .

[vacuum-mechanics]

Dear Friends,

Let us continue our story:-

9)The second example is about the problem with Bohr classical modelof hydrogen atom, which we are familiar and shown in diagram fig.4 (a). According to the model, electron is circulating around the center proton at Bohr radius for the stationary state, but it was criticized that atom is not stable because electron would radiate energyand spirals into the nucleus!

In quantum mechanics, what we got is a better model of hydrogen atom as shown in diagram 4 (b). It has shown the probability location of the electron around the proton nucleus for the ground state in atom, which was calculated using Schrödinger equation. And in diagram 4 (c) shown the radial probability density which is maximumwhere the radius r equal to Bohr radius. Anyway,even the model in quantum mechanics, there is still no explanation why electron can stay separate from the proton nucleus, and it still depends on Bohr assumption of the stationary state!



Figure 4Hydrogen atom models

Armed with quantum vacuum mechanics, we could use the model shown in diagram 4(d) for explanation why “electron can stay separate from the proton nucleus and having the probability density” as in 4(a) and 4(b). The explanation is that normally electron can move freely (even at absolute zero degree temperature) in “Bohr shell” because it is the place wherethe Coulomb attraction force (between electron and proton) equal to the repelling force of the vacuum mediumin between!

Finally we also knew that there is always a small vibration in any atom, except at absolute zero degree temperature! So any electron in any atom could not stay only within Bohr shell, instead it has the probability to move to other location out of Bohr shell when time goes on. Of course, the probability density of electronsis according to wave mechanics. So what we got now is a better explanation for hydrogen atom model which is more realistic and understandable!

Sincerely,
Nimit
-------------------
www.vacuum-mechanics.com .

[vacuum-mechanics]

Dear Friends,

This is the last part of the story, please follow:-

10)The last example is the hot issue (problem) of quantum entanglement or correlation, in which one electron can affect another electron simultaneously, no matter how far they are separated. And it was claimed that this is the nature of the conventional quantum mechanics, but the problem is that they do not know how electron can do themagic!

Armed with our quantum vacuum mechanics, it is easy to show that this because of our ignorance in the mechanism of quantum mechanics, which is then, give us with misinterpretation in the theory as follow.

First, historically, quantum entanglement was criticized by Einstein, in which he called it as a spooky action at a distance! And this give rise to a debate between Einstein and Neil Bohr (a famous quantum physicist), via a thought-experiment on a two-particle system, called EPR paradox.

Second,because the conventional interpretation of quantum mechanics, in which measurement with one particle can affect the far away particle simultaneously, for Einstein this due to the incompleteness of the theory! In Einstein opinion, there should have something (attribute) hidden, i.e. hidden variable, in which we cannot observe, that responsible for the mentioned “affect”.

Third, there are many experiments which tried to prove hiddenvariable concept by using a mathematical formula called Bell inequality. Anyway, most of the results seem to agree with quantum mechanics, not hidden variable. The reason is because the proposed hidden variable is not related to the property of the electron in the experiment!

Finally, based on the existence of vacuum medium in which electron wave was created by a rotating moving electron disturbs the surrounding vacuum medium! And by using electron wave as the hidden-variablementioned, we would then found that the experimental result must agree with quantum mechanics. The reason is because what we have used as the hidden-variable is the mechanism of quantum mechanics, isn’t it?

Sincerely,
Nimit
-------------------
www.vacuum-mechanics.com .