[humanbydefault]

This new thread, in a clear contrast to my previous ones, will be sort of a visit to the fast moving field of condensed matter. I'm neither trying to look for confrontations nor empty arguing with any member of this friendly FORUM. I'm NOT imposing my hypothesis and view points on anyone! I'm just trying to attempt an exploration of how could I explain "WHAT WE SEE" [in our measuring instruments] with WHAT I'VE SAID in my ARTICLES before. I welcome well-intentioned participants although It's my feeling that this particular filed is not a very "popular" one among the membership. Anyhow! Enjoy if you can!
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The term "dirty physics" refers to experimental physics. It's not a secret for anyone that transistor and diodes changed the face of our life in the XXth century. Computers, communication technology and hundreds of new fields have benefit from its acomplishments and those gadgets are real which also means that we do not find ourselves making conjectures about "philosophical arguments" around a table crowded with Aistotle or Plato kind of audience.
My PLAN is to start today a series of posting about a diverse and highly controversial [they are at least to me] subjects like TUNNELING, TUNNEL DIODES and related issues that, as we all probably know, are the technical arsenal of our progress.
I'm not going to DENY those phenomena, do not misunderstand me! As I did before with the atomic model, I'm going to refuse and in some cases reformulate WHAT WE MEASURE EXPERIMENTALLY IN OUR LABS.
WARNING! If you haven't study basic electronics before, I suggest you not to repeat my conclusions on front of anyone who has. They [my conclusions] are still on the process of being corroborated and revised by others involved in the field so they are not conclusive yet.

What is voltage? I will give you a different idea of what it is in a moment. Classically speaking:Potential between two points in a circuit [as it is refer sometimes] has been explained as a force originated in a source [a chemical battery for example] that permits the circulation of "conduction electrons" from point A to point B inside a conductor or element in it. Current is the name of the movement of those "electrons" ["sub-atomic particles knocked from the orbits of atoms in the lattice] across the conductor. As you may know, those OLD arguments are still printed in our books about electricity and electronics. New books including QM interpretations of the same phenomenon are too complicated for those searching for a job fixing appliances and computers. The "particle" image of electrons as carrier of electrical charges from the positive pole of a battery to the negative one is an unfortunate and undeniable fact in the mind of those usefully technicians.
I'll give you an entirely different version of what that force is. Remember the Compton experiment in my last posting? Fine! Think of voltage as the ENERGY [frequency] of photons "hitting" the material. If the POTENTIAL, TENSION OR VOLTAGE between two points in a circuit was high, the ENERGY [frequency of the wave] was also high too and viceversa.
You may ask yourselves... What is intensity of the wave in "dirty physics" then? The intensity of the wave is the number [amount of photons in the wave] of carriers of a particular energy. A battery has a great capacity to hold those units of energy we believe to be particles [electrons]. You don't get electrocuted while touching both poles of a car battery and the reason is because 12 volts is not dangerous to our health in other words the ENERGY [low frequency or long wavelength of the energy wave] is also low. The capacity on the other hand is high since you may use battery to start your car for a long periond of time even without recharging it.
If we TRANSLATE what we have said into the simplest example of a circuit, we could conclude that "in order to manufacture an electron inside an atomic oscillator we had to supply the right amount of energy in a quantum of energy. Less than the exact one would be rejected back in no time. That's the reason for the so-called BIAS concept. A simple wire will conduct electrical charges no matter the polarity you chose. In a regular conductor current will move in one direction with one set up of potential and will also conduct if the bias is reversed. Things will be different with semiconductors but I'll leave this subject to my next posting.
For those who are interesting in this line of thinking I suggest you think about the details [rad between the lines] since my next post will go deep Iinto the secrets of the origin of those miracles making possible our gadgets.
Until my next... HUMANBYDEFAULT.

[humanbydefault]

My last post was mainly about the concept of voltage or potential between two points. I want to make an important point also related to the subject. Why is voltage possible in a circuit? When we measure potential between the two sides of an electrical resistance we see the direct relationship between the both [Ohm's law]. In superconducting materials resistance disappear at certain temperatures and therefore no voltage is present either. So in MACROCIRCUITS we always find some degree of present resistance that allows to a great deal of misinterpretations. Since the content of this post [as always has been in the past] is not brought to you with the aim of repeating you a bunch of concepts that you already know [just as a "stupid little bird"] I am preparing a surprise. I need some time though since I need to extract some information first.
The only thing I'm giving you in advance to it is that I've already came up with PRACTICAL or EXPERIMENTAL ways to PROVE that "electrons" [as independently existent "sub-atomic particles" with a mass of their own and charge embedded in its mass...bla,bla,bla...] were and will always be nothing but QUANTA OF ENERGY where MASS was not a GIVEN THING but a result of its structure and the FTL action of the universe in avoidance of the perfect vacuum. The incredible implications of this concept of mine [based in my atomic model and my views of physical reality, time harmonics] will demonstrate once and for all that MASS and ENERGY are NOT interchangeables in nature. That ENERGY could only transforms itself into a different form of ENERGY and MASS respond to those changes accordingly [just as a puppet needed by the universe in inforcing its rules].
I will use the set-up of an experiment that has already been done in labs around the world but with other purposes. I'll answer a question that guys in Bell's laboratory are still asking about a new kind of fast transistor that "does not make any sense"... and what I'm going to use to achieve those goals?
NANOTECHNOLOGY! Why the small? Because the only way you could really understand the quantum world is by ELIMINATING the obstacles that lead us to a greater misinterpretation of the effects.
QUANTUM TUNNELING my good friends is [no doubts about it] one of the greatest features of ENERGY in the frame of our reality. Its use is highly limited by today's Bohr's atomic model and the present acceptance of the "particle theory." I'm not going to make too extense this post since the "GOOD STUFF" will come later... However I have some time left to let you see how right Einstein was about the unlimited boundaries of our own stupidity:
As in the previous case with the two classic SAMPLES [they regularly come up] in the mental game of "PICK-ONE" that fits!] where light was compared with a billiard ball knocking another one with the name of "electrons"... Tunneling also has been victimized by our stupid macroworld-like analogies.
How many of you havn't read about the "football" that can't reach the other side of the hill? Throw me a rock who ever hasn't! Well I'm not the son of God but I tell you something: The "football" analogy is every where! I'm not going to get into philosophical reasons [I think] those stupid analogies were made for... I guess you know me by now... So! Tunneling is according to our VIRTUAL REALITY, the CHANCE that an "electron" [a "sub-atomic particle with independent...] that on top of those "magic powers" also has a "WAVE FUNCTION" for commuting purposes. By the way a WAVE FINCTION not even his INVENTOR [Max Born] believed real! (?) ... The check received from the Noble Prize commitee was! Einstein wrote a letter to him shortly after the mail came congratulating him for a money that will garantee his retirement...
Anyway! I'll continue with this quantum tunneling soon!
HUMANBYDEFAULT

[mkirkpatrick]

Thanks for the last two posts,HBD,interesting ideas,there may very well be grime
in the physics dept,a bitof the theatrical aswell,what strikes me
in this idea of quantum tunneling,which you so aptly describe,is that it reminds me very much of a Vortex,which to my understanding is a conduit from one level
or dimesion to another,the vortex is the transfer medium.It also is very economical.the transference of force,or energy,with the very minimum of leakage.the Spin keeps it In,so to speak.


kind regards.michael.

[humanbydefault]

Let's go straight to the facts!
This is waht I'm going to do: I will tell you a couple of accomplishements in nanotechnology from 1998 (?). That's old enough to impress anyone... But you don't expect me to give you any 2005 info into the field that is more protected from leaking details than C.I.A. covered operations!
For what I plan to prove with those results... is trully more than ENOUGH!
Around that year a research work done at the University of Karlsruhe by a team led by Elke Scheer demonstrated that [electrical] conductivity across one single atom could result in far better results compared to wires. I'll spared you with the deatils since I'm HERE to prove my theory and not THEIRS... fair?
1] One of their conclusions was that single atoms "obey" the rules of QM [quantum mechanics] and not those of "classical physics..."
CUT! Can't you see the mesage here too? So! It means that "electrons" were and behaved as "particles" in a circuit, but as the size of elements are reduced those "particles" behave as waves instead. I told you that you need to "read between the lines"! Don't give them a brake ever!... Let's continue with the story...
2] The results obtained proved that "the resistance provided by a single atom is a FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANT equal to h/2e2, which is equal to 12.9 kOhm.
CUT! Pay attention to what they wrote: "This fact would suggest that the only difference among various types of atoms... would be the valence of the atom beinf studied. Gold had 12.9 kOhm, while lead had 4.3 kOhm!
"On the MACROSCOPIC SCALE, BY COMPARISON, GOLD IS 10 TIMES MORE CONDUCTIVE!"
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There are many conclusions that we could draw from that specific case.
ONE! That I had to rely on nanotechnology to make my point since the electrical behavior of atoms in a lattice is entirely different in many cases to the single-atom model.
TWO! And that is what I going to propose right now! Since in this year [2005] we could isolate a single atom and place it between two pieces of aluminum, I have a different suggestion:
Why don't we place an atom of sodium [Na] between two electrical insulators [glass or any other material] and irradiate the sodium atom [bombarding it] with single-shot ultraviolet photons? I think it can be done... don't you?
If they were able to pass electrical charges across a single atom of gold [nobium or lead] why would be IMPOSSIBLE to make "collide" high-energy photons to a single atom?
I believe the many of you already got the idea of what I atempt to prove with it! Yes Sr.! I will prove that in order to make "legitimate electrons" [true quanta of energy with a tiny center of mass that will cause them to respond to magnetic fields] WE NEED AN ENTANGLED COUPLING BETWEEN [AT LEAST] TWO ATOMS. According to my predictions... SINGLE ATOMS REMODULATE THE [incoming] PHOTON INTO A NEW PHOTON [BOSON] WITH THE CHARGE OF ONE ELECTRON BUT THE STRUCTURE OF A BOSON!
That is nothing more than a HOLE gentlemen! HOLES are [as I said in one of my articles before] PURE LIGHT WITH THE ENERGY OF ONE ELECTRON CHARGE! Light do not respond to magnetic deviations as other quanta produced inside molecular bondings or entangled couplings between two or more atoms... Is this understandable so far?
NOW! If we were to replace the single-atom "bridge" they used in their experiment with a molecule of an element, then I'm sure that we get "electrons" coming out of the scattering that DO respond to magnetic fields.

CONCLUSIONS

Electrical charges moving across wires, devises and elements of a circuit are entirely different in nature with respect to "electrons" moving across the vacuum [ether]. That's why they called it "Solid State" in the beginings! It was proved in the twenties that electrical charges move across CRYSTALS just like Bloch described back then. Since inside crystals and atomic structures the "local" vacuum is regulated [determined] by the specific HARMONIC where the energy moves, the quantum of energy that "propagates" through the lattice obey ONLY the CIRCUMSTANCES present in its path. The presently accept and used]concept of "difusion" of "electrons" from the N type into HOLES of the P type is one of the greates STUPIDITY I've ever heard! "Electrons" manufactured in N type crystals respond to different TIME configuration! If you remember what I said back in my postings about the true nature of TIME, I said that time corresponds to the specific reality in a given analisys. Realities, my good friend, are not COMPATIBLES between HARMONICS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS.
"ELECTRONS" DO NOT "JUMP" from one "conduction band" to a lower positioned "valence band" as a consequence of voltage manipulations! Once the quanta is manufactured inside N type atomic oscillator they move to the collector or drain if their path is CLEAR! THEY MOVE IN WAVES because they are WAVES just like HOLES were too! I have said in my articles "Rediscovering the atomic model" that those so-called "valence bands" were built inside the nucleus of the atom since THEY WERE NOTHING MORE THAT THE SAME SPATIAL PROJECTIONS OF "PROTONS AND QUARKS." It means that the actual structure of those "bands" [valence and conduction] were determined by a complex structure deep inside the core of the atom itself.
The other concept I found deeply wrong is the idea of moving "electrons" from one band or level to the next. All we "move" is MASS. The same ONE Albert Einstein himself saw as a owner of magical "INTERCHANGEABLE PROPERTIES" able to TRANSFORM ITSELF INTO ENERGY. Of course! If we had assumed for decades that "electrons" [and the rest of the Zoo of particles in the human catalogue] were given physical ENTITIES with mass of their own (among other "blessings") it is perfectly logical to conclude that such "entity" could absorbe and release energy at certain times. The truth is entirely different. Scatterings [as integral part of "dirty physics"] are not GIVEN PARTICLES, but quanta produced in those valence and conduction bands with different TIME configurations and therefore one TRANSPARENT to the other holding a different configuration.
I'll be back with my next posting soon! Try to "digest" this concepts the fast you can, because there is more...

HUMANBYDEFAULT
www.humanbydefault.com

[humanbydefault]

Also in 1998, A TEAM led by Steven Hillenius at Bell's lab, reported the construction of the smallest [then] transistor ever made. It was FET type as you know [field effect transistor]. To make the long story short, they could build a gate 61 nm wide! [the size of 180 atoms laid side by side]. The insulating layer of silicon dioxide was 1.2 nm! [three atoms wide!].
They believe that they have reached the LIMITS... and I would agree with them 100%! Energy quanta was tunneling throughout the insulator when that one was smaller than 1.2 nm. Not only that! There was a question even more concerning than just that. As the voltage applied was increased, the output current decreased... which as many of you probably know, this fact contradicts the basic functioning principles for transistors. Tunneling, ladies and gentlemen became a pain in their A...! What a shame!... isn't it? It seems to me that physicists are in a deep C...! Allow me to introduce my "stupid theory" one more time!
If we REDUCE the number of "atomic oscillators" present in the semiconducting material would be too "alien" to assume that as we increase the voltage [net energy apply to the bulk of working oscillators] there would be a point in time where we REACHED A LIMIT? WOULD IT?
This "TRAGIC" EPISODE wouldn't occur in a [macro] crystal with millions of atoms wide. The MODULATING CAPACITY when the disponibility of atoms is vast allow us to "play the smart guy" changing the conditions of the circuit. That's why we see hundreds of different types of devices [transistors and diodes] with all kind of applications... which is terrific! BUT! If we decide to explore the true world [the quantum world] we need to go with something better than "particles" and "wave functions" full with probabilities and uncertainty. There is nothing UNCERTAIN in that world, except for our stupidity... No offense!
Inside the atomic structure of future devices we have to play by their rules! But we definitely need a better understanding of the nature of the world we try to discover. We and the world around us is made up by ENERGY and little oscillators that keep transforming the same energy into other kinds. However in order to understand those "maze-looking" bands we talk about we need a better understanding of the real nature of matter and time. I have proposed a model of the atom and a theory of time that I find more reliable in the future and it's all in my previous work posting in this page.
I don't think is time to feel worry about this. I think that the moment of TRUTH is getting pretty close by now! The final realization of some of the things I've been repeating here for some time will be my final satisfaction.
My next posting will be about the so-called God's particle: The Higg's boson.
It's not going to be place here since that subject belongs to particle physics... Don't miss thatn either!

HUMANBYDEFAULT
www.humanbydefault.com

[mkirkpatrick]

The best way to tidy up is to apply some elbowgrease so to speak,if there is
a mess in physics,open thewindow of reason and let in the light.it is only in the
dark that we stumble,unless of course we have a tourch!when we apply light
then the so called obstacles vanish,if we keep an open mind,but not so open
that your brains fall out,then we may find that the answer to it all lies in the
mind,wisdom and openess will finally reveal the way.



kind regards michael.

[dleviwing]

if we keep an open mind,but not so open that your brains fall out,then we may find that the answer to it all lies in the mind,wisdom and openess will finally reveal the way.

Michael;
The problem with an open mind is that too many people attempt to discard their garbage into it.

[mkirkpatrick]

Originally Posted by dleviwing Michael; The problem with an open mind is that too many people attempt to discard their garbage into it.

Point taken Dave,I will close my mind at once,wait a minute it seems already
full of garbage! oh well I did try.

kind regards michael.

[humanbydefault]

“ARE MIRACLES POSSIBLE IN THE “QUANTUM WORLD?”



That’s precisely what we are going to find out revisiting my previous “thought experiment.”



In my last posting I proposed to use the same set-up of an experiment done by Elke Scheer’s team of the University of Karlsruhe back in the year 1998. However instead of using a single atom to test its conductivity, I suggest the weird idea of irradiating the same single atom with high-energy photons [in a one-by-one shot]. If electrons were capable of “transit” across the atom from one piece of aluminum to the other as if they were crossing a “bridge” I see no big deal trying to make a single atom to collide with a photon… Do you see it as a big deal? I didn’t think so either!

Let’s present some possible scenario as a result of my thought experiment and their conclusions:

1] An ultra-violet photon will hit the atom and “knock out” a single electron from its orbit. Alleluia! That’s what QM would predict if I’m not mistaken here…! We call it: “The photoelectric effect of Albert Einstein.” After all a Noble Prize was awarded to him in 1921 for his idea, wasn’t it? I bet it was indeed…

So! Let me get this straight! If ANOTHER PHOTON were to be shot against the same single atom once again, what would we see? Correct me if I’m wrong but electrons are not pigeons coming out of the magician’s hat, are they gentlemen?

Electrons are [according to YOU] a form of MATTER since they were particles with a mass of their own. In this case I could only assume that we must have ran out of electrons to keep “knocking them out” from their orbits… You see [my good friend] electrons do not “grow on trees” so they can not appear out of the thin air! What gives us a unique choice: After the first electron scattered from the single atom’s orbital the U-V photon will have no more electrons to knock away and therefore that’s it for the photoelectric effect!

2] I believe that everything I’ve just said above is NON-SENSE! Since electrons were never inside the atoms [to begin with] every single U-V photon will be absorbed by the PATTERN or HARMONIC and eventually REMODULATED into a different type of the same BOSON [light]. The process never ends as long as we keep irradiating the single atom with high-energy light. In my personal opinion, the new quantum scattered from the single atom of my thought experiment will not be an electron as we have measured before in cathode rays. The reason was explained earlier but it doesn’t’ hurt repeating it again: Because regular electrons as the ones observed by J.J. Thompson in 1987 had a more complex configuration. An electron PRODUCED in the bonding between two or more atoms [molecule] carries the energy of one lepton [electron] but in a more complex “ temporal recipe.” The concept is very simple. The same energy of the electron is “shared” between two different spinning realities. In my description of TIME and its nature I said that TIME is the perception of the elapsing of realities. I also said back then that reality is EDITED according to the speed of interception between those waves that are integral part of standing nuclear waves. Every single HARMONIC owns its own reality [and therefore] their own TIME. An electron propagating throughout space (and produced inside molecules) will have its energy split between two different realities and this particular aspect is what gives it its tiny center of mass and its magnetic field. An electron with a center of mass along with a rotating magnetic field due to a complex TIME configuration is the KIND we have seen moving as a “true particle” in cloud chambers before. It’s also the same electron we have seen deflecting as a consequence of magnetic fields before.

HOLES and conduction electrons inside semi-conducting materials move across the lattice as light would.

There is another question I’d like to revise here and that has to do with the so-called resistance observed by the team at Bell’s laboratory back in 1998. They stated that they had measured a resistance against the conduction of electrons across single atoms. I need you to open your mind to what I’m going to ask next:

If the voltage used to make an electron move from one piece of aluminum to the other and across the single atom were capable of producing a current of one electron at a time, have you ever thought about the energy of such electron could carry? I bet you haven’t! I tell you why! Because we have wrongly conceived that electrons NO MATTER THE TYPE OF BATTERY OR SOURCE have the same energy!

Have anyone mentioned the need of MATCHING electrons [as quanta of energy of course] coming from a battery with the specific “valence or conduction band” they will have to use as roads? Have we ever taking into consideration the fact that electrons moving in circuits are being originating from a source that has their own type of electrons? As we all know, electrolytes are not all the same in every battery.

Couldn’t be possible that the difference in energy between electrons coming from a battery would encounter some RESISTANCE when applied to atomic oscillators whose modulating capacity could possibly be somewhat different? I think so too!

Going back to the example seen in the Compton experiment before I assure you that the mismatch between X ray photons and the modulating capacity in atomic oscillators was responsible for the infrared light known as Compton effect! The real origin of electrical RESISTANCE comes from the degree of mismatch existent between incoming energy and internal capacity of re-modulation inside atomic oscillators. As a logical consequence of such mismatch a residual [plus] energy will be scattered in a form of heat or light depending on the density of energy involved.

So what would be the miracle? The miracle would be to obtain a stable flow of scattering electrons from a single atom as the result of being irradiated with high-energy light! That would be equal to say that we could transform light into electrons and that contradicts Bohr’s atomic model and the particle theory at the same time.

In the other hand… I believe in “miracles” of this kind! Such thought experiment would one day demonstrate that I’ve been right all along when I said that electrons were never contingent particles at all!

They are being produced all the time as every other quantum of energy outside the atom and they never ever were part of the picture inside the atomic model.



HUMANBYDEFAULT

www.humanbydefault.com

[dleviwing]

Michael;
I think you missed my point. I tend to agree with you, I was suggesting that it is time to "Take out the trash" to make room.