[Guille]

I saw this question in a thread in http://www.physicsforums.com/ Definately a big question. What do you think?

Made of energy, fundamental particles.....?????????????????'

[force5]

Hi GUILLE;

IMHO; If strings are considered fundamental, and I think they are, then, it would have to be energy.

[AntonioLao]

If i remembered right from reading books on superstring, strings are modes of vibration of energy in a space-time continuum. Just how energy does these vibration? I'm still puzzled. There are a few energy formulae that can show these modes:

1.

2.

3.

4.

maybe more. but #2 is a good candidate because of the appearance of frequency, a wave property of all oscillatory motions.

[d p fitzpatrick]

From message #17422 Theory of Everything Group

to Tony and Rolf again who stated


>>>>> > we can deduce Planck's length (Lp) as follows:
> > Lp = ((h/2pi). Gk/c3)^(1/2) [m]. (6)
> > This Lp could theoretically generate the lowest quantised work
> (Wq),
> > and this could be used to define the lowest quantum of
> gravitational
> > force (Fq). Here is the graviton.

This is too general.
The link to the Planck Scale is via the Zero-Point-Oscillator, given
in hfps/2=kTps/2=1/2e* as superbrane parameters (class HE(8x).>>>>


OK

But here's what I'm betting.

We are going to find a far SHORTER duration quantum of energy - than
h - in the realm of the quark.

I have this on my website web page (someplace).

In fact I was jubilant when the University of Alabama - link is on the website too - claimed that gravity could not be quantized because they saw a clearer picture of distant galaxies than they should have.

They didn't realize that the gravitational boson(graviton) is derived via the spin of the quark as is h-bar derived via the electron's spin change and h via the electron's orbital changes.

imo

z

[Guille]

Originally Posted by force5 Hi GUILLE; IMHO; If strings are considered fundamental, and I think they are, then, it would have to be energy.

My question is, do you meen that strings ARE energy or that strings HAVE energy?

They are totally differen't concepts.

[force5]

Originally Posted by <<<GUILLE>>> My question is, do you meen that strings ARE energy or that strings HAVE energy? They are totally differen't concepts.

IMHO, strings ARE energy.

John

[Marketa]

Is energy "real"? I'm not sure. We are so used to use this word for many various things happening in quite different levels, that we silently admit that this "energy" exists. But many physicists don't think so. I asked few of them and they explained to me that energy is man-made quantity showing how much something is changing and I quite agree with this point of view.
Note: There are quite many "TOEs" which claims only that everything is made by energy. But TOE should reveal much more than this, am I not right?

[AntonioLao]

is force real? yes. if the force is zero nothing moves or if it moves it moves at a constant uniform motion (Newton's 1st law of motion).

when we say something moves (change of velocity or change of linear momentum) we know some force is behind it and when this thing moves through certain distance, the product of this force and this distance is defined as work or energy of motion or kinetic energy. The other is potential energy or energy derived from where the thing is located in the field of force. All the known force fields are called vector fields but there can also be scalar field such as mass field (Higgs field), temperature field, density field. Kinetic energy is derived from vector fields, while potential energy is derived from scalar fields.

[AntonioLao]

Superstring theory says that a graviton is made from closed strings (mentioned in Brian Greene's books: Elegant Universe and Fabric of the Cosmos).

what happens when two closed string loops are linked together? What kind of topology is this linked loops? For the static case, this can be represented by Hopf ring. Actually linked closed strings can be represented by the square of energies. Each loop represents an energy, say E1, and the other as E2. The product of E1 and E2 is the square of energy. In snap notation of unit scalar:
E1E2 = (E1 - E2)U, where U is the unit scalar of energy. When E1=0 then E2 is also equal to zero. When E1 approaches infinity (radius of the circular loop approaches infinity, so that the circle is mapped into a straight line), E2 approaches unity (when the radius approaches zero, so that the circle approaches a point of zero-dimension. But all zero-dimensional objects are also called as scalar quantities).

[Guille]

does anybody know what membranes are made of?

It really cofuses me the idea that spacetime (especially time) are made of some fundamental 2 dimensional particles called membranes.