[RascalPuff]

Introduction:

"Since the General Theory of Relativity implies the representation of physical reality by a continuous field, the concept of particles or material points cannot play a fundamental part. The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which the field strength or the energy density is particularly high." - Albert Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 348

"According to the General Theory of Relativity, the concept of space detached from any physical content does not exist. The physical reality of space is represented by a field." - Albert Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 348

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And now this updated - New Age - inspirational legacy of 'particles':


"You do not really understand something, unless you can explain it to your Grandmother." - Albert Einstein

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Newton asserted ‘Hypothesis non fingo'. - ‘I make (feign) no hypothesis'.
Yet, his entire, unarguably revolutionary Classical Mechanics was based on the hypothetical 'particle' that science has yet to assuredly accommodate.
Until further notice, expeditionary searches for particles return with null results, manifest in (characteristically concentric shaped) charges of electricity without distinct boundaries separating - making them discontinuous - from surrounding space. The ‘particle concept' that dominates physics and the vast majority of colloquial human thought: has never been proven beyond hypothetical, quasi-scientific retainers. ‘The particle' Isn't found ‘wrong' here, but rather: resiliently incomplete; so as to aggressively exclude the incumbent role of the continuous field in the corporeal balance of material considerations.
Particle physics' per se, has yet to objectively redeem itself - inside or outside a cloud chamber. There are many 'particle physicists', but so far, in the scientifically stringent definition, the confirmation (or isolation) of a given (non wave like) particle, has yet to occur: while at the same time the phantom particle continues to be a palpable (post hoc ergo prompter hoc) obsession in theoretical and conventional physics.
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A CHAT WITH YOUR GRANDMOTHER

A partial guide to and inventory of present day 'particle physics', follows (Please adjust your thinking caps; share and enjoy your popcorn):
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Wikipedia (The Free Encyclopedia)
An incomplete list of particles & characteristics

Fermions, Bosons, Hadrons, Baryons, Mesons.
There are 12 flavors of elementary Fermions - 6 Quarks and 6 Leptons. Their respective antiparticles are known as antiquarks. Up. Down. Strange. Charm. Bottom. Top. Antiup quark, antidown quark, antistrange quark, anticharm quark, antibottom quark, antitop quark. The respective antiparicles of leptons are known as antileptons, although the antiparticle of the electron is called the positron for historical reasons. Leptons also exist in six flavors - charged lepton / antiparticle, neutrino / antineutrino. Muon neutrino. Muon antineutrino. Tau neutrino. Tau antineutrino. Neutrion masses are known to be non zero because of neutrion oscillation, but their masses are sufficiently light that they have not been measured directly as of 2006.
Bosons (integer spin).
For a detailed list, see List of baryons. Ordinary baryons (fermions) contain three valence quarks or three valence antiquarks each.

• Nucleons are the fermionic constituents of normal atomic nuclei:
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
• Hyperons such as the Ë, Ó, Î, and Ù particles, which contain one or more strange quarks, are short-lived and heavier than nucleons. Although not normally present in atomic nuclei, they can appear in short-lived hypernuclei.
• A number of charmed and bottom baryons have also been observed.

Some hints at the existence of exotic baryons have been found recently; however, negative results have also been reported. Their existence is uncertain.

• Pentaquarks consist of four valence quarks and one valence antiquark.
  
  Name: Photon. Charge 0. Spin 1 Mass (GeV) Force mediated: Electromagnetism.
  W+ 1 80.4 Weak Nuclear
  Zo 0 1 91.2 Weak Nuclear
  
  Gluon 0 1 0 Strong nuclear
  Higgs 0 0 >112 see below
  
  The HIggs boson (spin 0) is predicted by electroweak theory, and is the only Standard Model particle not yet observed. In the HIggs mechanism of the standard model, the massive Higgs Boson is created by spontaneous symmetry breaking of the Higgs field.. The intrinsic masses of the elementary particles (particlularly the massive W and Z bosons) would be explained by their interactions with this field. Many physicists expect the Higgs to be discovered at the large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator now under construction at CERN.
  
  Hypothetical Particles
  Supersymmetric theories predict the existence of more particles, none of which have been confirmed experimentally as of 2006.
  
  The neutralino (spin 1/2) is a superposition of the superpartners of several neutral Standard Model particles. It is a leading candidate for dark matter. The partners of charged bosons are called charginos.
  The photino (spin 1/2) is the superpartner of the photon.
  The gravitino (spin 3/2) is the superpartner of the graviton boson in supergravity theories.
  Sleptons and squarks (spin 0) are th supersymmetric parts of the Standard Model fermions. The stop squark (superpartner of the top quark) is thought to have a low mass and is often the subject of experimental searches.
  Other theories predict the existence of additional bosons.
  have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is ½. Each fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. Fermions are the basic building blocks of all matter. They are classified according to whether they interact via the color force or not. According to the Standard Model, there are 12 flavors of elementary fermions: six quarks and six leptons.
• Quarks interact via the color force. Their respective antiparticles are known as antiquarks. Quarks exist in six flavors:

GenerationName/FlavorElectric charge (e)Mass (MeV)Antiquark1Up(u)+2/31.5 to 4antiup quarkDown(d)-1/34 to 8antidown quark2Strange(s)-1/380 to 130antistrange quarkCharm(c)+2/31,150 to 1,350anticharm quark3Bottom(b)-1/34,100 to 4,400antibottom quarkTop(t)+2/3171,400 ± 2,100[1]antitop quark

• Leptons do not interact via the color force. Their respective antiparticles are known as antileptons (although the antiparticle of the electron is called the positron for historical reasons). Leptons also exist in six flavors:

Charged lepton / antiparticleNeutrino / antineutrinoNameSymbolElectric charge (e)Mass (MeV)NameSymbolElectric charge (e)Mass (MeV)Electron / Positron-1 / +10.511Electron neutrino / Electron antineutrino0< 0.0000022 [2]Muon-1 / +1105.7Muon neutrino / Muon antineutrino0< 0.17 [2]Tau lepton-1 / +11,777Tau neutrino / Tau antineutrino0< 15.5 [2]Note that the neutrino masses are known to be non-zero because of neutrino oscillation, but their masses are sufficiently light that they have not been measured directly as of 2006.

[edit] Bosons (integer spin)

Bosons have whole number spins. The fundamental forces of nature are mediated by gauge bosons, and mass is hypothesized to be created by the Higgs boson. According to the Standard Model the elementary bosons are:
NameCharge (e)SpinMass (GeV)Force mediatedPhoton010ElectromagnetismW±±1180.4Weak nuclearZ00191.2Weak nuclearGluon010Strong nuclearHiggs00>112See belowThe Higgs boson (spin-0) is predicted by electroweak theory, and is the only Standard Model particle not yet observed. In the Higgs mechanism of the Standard Model, the massive Higgs boson is created by spontaneous symmetry breaking of the Higgs field. The intrinsic masses of the elementary particles (particularly the massive W± and Z0 bosons) would be explained by their interactions with this field. Many physicists expect the Higgs to be discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator now under construction at CERN.

[edit] Hypothetical particles

Supersymmetric theories predict the existence of more particles, none of which have been confirmed experimentally as of 2006.

• 
  A WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) is any one of a number of particles that might explain dark matter (such as the neutralino or the axion).
• The pomeron, used to explain the elastic scattering of hadrons and the location of Regge poles in Regge theory.
• The skyrmion, a topological solution of the pion field, used to model the low-energy properties of the nucleon, such as the axial vector current coupling and the mass.
• A goldstone boson is a massless excitation of a field that has been spontaneously broken. The pions are quasi-Goldstone bosons (quasi- because they are not exactly massless) of the broken chiralisospin symmetry of quantum chromodynamics.
• A goldstino is a Goldstone fermion produced by the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry.
• An instanton is a field configuration which is a local minimum of the Euclidean action. Instantons are used in nonperturbative calculations of tunneling rates.
• A dyon is a hypothetical particle with both electric and magnetic charges
• A geon is an electromagnetic or gravitational wave which is held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy.
• An Oh-My-God particle is an ultra-high energy cosmic ray (probably a proton) falling well beyond the GZK cutoff, the energy limit beyond which virtually no cosmic rays should be detected.
• A spurion is the name given to a "particle" inserted mathematically into an isospin-violating decay in order to analyze it as though it conserved isospin.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_particles"
Categories: Particle physics | Nuclear physics | Physics lists | Subatomic particles
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For a discussion on Total Field Physics, please refer to
http://forums.delphiforums.com/EinsteinGroupie

Regards,
- RP

[mkirkpatrick]

Many thanks Rascal,a particle can be and mean many things,here is my take on the word
particle-Power
Absolute
Reveals
Thoughts
Infinte
Consciousness
Light
Everlasting==Particle!

Let the carnival begin.


regards michael.